Utilization of Waste Materials for the Manufacturing of Better-Quality Wear and Corrosion-Resistant Steels
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MARTENSITIC steels are very commonly used in structural applications due to their high strength, which include examples such as the automotive industry where martensitic advanced high-strength steels are used for lightweight design without sacrificing strength,[1] the oil and gas industry where martensitic stainless steels are favored for both strength and corrosion resistance,[2] and also in many high-wear applications due to their superior hardness such as for bearings[3] and tools.[4] Many of these alloys achieve their remarkable mechanical properties, and in the case of martensitic stainless
WEN HAO KAN is with the Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia and also with the School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Contact e-mail: [email protected] SIYU HUANG, ZIYAN MAN and LI CHANG are with the School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney. WILSON HANDOKO, FARSHID PAHLEVANI and VEENA SAHAJWALLA are with the Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT Centre), School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. KIM RASMUSSEN is with the School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Wen Hao Kan and Siyu Huang have contributed equally to this work. Manuscript submitted July 10, 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
steels, corrosion resistance, through high alloying contents, but this, however, drives up the cost of production. Another problem often encountered in the manufacturing of martensitic steel components is decarburization during the austenizing heat treatment process since carbon from the steel’s surface readily reacts with ambient oxygen at this temperature range.[5,6] Due to the adverse effect that this has on a number of mechanical properties such as hardness, wear resistance, fatigue performance, and strength,[5,7,8] there are specifications that dictate the allowable limits of decarburization. In an industrial context, accurate measurements of decarburization depth[5,7,8] and methods employed to control decarburization, such as the use of a protective gas (though this only reduces but cannot eliminate it entirely[9]), often increase the cost of production. A recent technology developed by Pahlevani et al.[10,11] not only offers a possible cost-effective approach to the manufacturing of higher-quality steel by solving the decarburization problem, but it also attempts to provide a solution to global waste management by utilizing resources from waste materials to do so. Automotive waste, for instance, is a good source of useful alloying elements such as N, C, Al, Ti, and Si. Thus, by heat treating steel with automotive waste, Pahlevani et al. demonstrated that it is possible for a steel to be fabricated with a thin ceramic surface layer instead of a decarburized layer.[11] Furthermore, it is well kno
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