Utilizing a new eco-friendly drilling mud additive generated from wastes to minimize the use of the conventional chemica
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Utilizing a new eco‑friendly drilling mud additive generated from wastes to minimize the use of the conventional chemical additives Abo Taleb T. Al‑Hameedi1 · Husam H. Alkinani1 · Mohammed M. Alkhamis1 · Shari Dunn‑Norman1 Received: 5 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The cost of the drilling operation is very high. Drilling fluid presents 15 to 30% of the entire expense of the drilling process. Ordinarily, the major drilling fluids additives are viscosity modifiers, filtration control agents, and partial loss treatments. In this experimental work, full-set measurements under fresh and aged conditions, as well as high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) API filtration, were conducted to study the impacts of adding 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% of black sunflower seeds’ shell powder (BSSSP) to spud mud. BSSSP of various grain sizes showed their ability to be invested for viscosity modifying, seepage loss controlling, and partial loss remediation. In addition to BSSSP eminent efficiency to be used as a multifunctional additive, the BSSSP is cheap, locally obtainable in commercial quantities, environmentally friendly additive and easy to grind into various desired grain sizes. Besides its outstanding strength to behave under conditions up to 30 h aged time and under 50 °C (122 °F) temperature, the utilization of powdered waste black sunflower shells in the drilling process and other industrial applications can reduce the effects of food waste on the environment and the personnel safety. To sum it up, experimental findings revealed that BSSSP can be used for multiple applications as a novel fibrous and particulate additive. The results elucidated BSSSP suitability in substituting or at least minimizing some of the traditional chemical materials utilized in the petroleum industry such as salt clay, polymers, and lost circulation materials (LCM). Keywords Eco-friendly additives · Drilling fluid · Sunflower shells · Food product
Introduction Waste materials refer to the materials that are discarded by people and are considered unwanted or no longer useable. Waste materials are diverse and unique as they can cover many aspects in many different areas. Globally, the waste materials accumulate and pose a threat to the environment. The sources of waste are abundant and can be generated from multiple sources such as households, food waste, hazardous waste, construction waste, wastewater, radioactive waste, and many others as summarized below (John Hopkins University 2006): * Abo Taleb T. Al‑Hameedi [email protected] * Husam H. Alkinani [email protected] 1
• Household wastes are manifold and can be composed
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of hazardous and non-hazardous materials. Examples include paper, bottles, cans, oils, batteries, household cleaners, etc. Food wastes are any unwanted part of the food that is inedible. Examples include banana peels, potato peels, orange peels, etc. Hazardous wastes are wastes that endanger the health and environment of the public. Examples
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