Utilizing the Biopsychosocial Model in Concussion Treatment: Post-Traumatic Headache and beyond
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CONCUSSION AND HEAD INJURY (T SEIFERT, SECTION EDITOR)
Utilizing the Biopsychosocial Model in Concussion Treatment: Post-Traumatic Headache and beyond Johna K. Register-Mihalik 1,2,3 & J. D. DeFreese 1,3 & Christine E. Callahan 1,3 & Kevin Carneiro 1,4,5
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review To discuss recent literature concerning the application of the biopsychosocial model in the management of concussion and post-concussion headache. Recent Findings Current research suggests that the biopsychosocial model is applicable to the concussion management process, particularly management of post-concussion headache. Such application is best illustrated by current active treatment strategies such as exercise, multifaceted rehabilitation, and psychosocial interventions targeting improved patient outcomes. Summary Overall, the biopsychosocial model has significant applications to the management of concussion, particularly postconcussion headache. Presentation and recovery following concussion and post-traumatic headache is multifaceted and includes the continuum of biological, psychological, and social considerations. In order to fully understand the widespread clinical utility and application of such models, there is a continued need for researcher, practitioner, and patient integration and collaboration to determine the most effective assessment and treatment strategies. Keywords TBI . Psychosocial . Patient-centered . Pain
Introduction Concussion is a complex injury that results in a wide array of sequelae. It has been declared a public health problem due to increased identification and understanding of the potential This article is part of the Topical Collection on Concussion and Head Injury * Johna K. Register-Mihalik [email protected] 1
Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
2
Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
3
Curriculum in Human Movement Science, Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
4
Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
5
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
short- and long-term effects following injury. A concussion is defined as a traumatic brain injury induced by biomechanical forces [1•]. The basic physiology of concussion results from a neurometabolic cascade that includes an increased demand for energy in the presence of decreased cerebral blood flow [2, 3]. This cascade is thought to underpin many of the acute and sub-acute signs and symptoms following concussion, including post-traumatic headache [2, 3]. However, more long-term effects are thought to result from a continuation of th
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