Validation of the Arabic Version of the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU)
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Validation of the Arabic Version of the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU) Saadieh Masri1 · Lama Charafeddine1 · Hani Tamim2 · Mohamad Naamani3 · Taleb Jammal4 · Leyla Akoury‑Dirani3
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a highly stressful environment for parents. The Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU) has been validated and used in several languages aside Arabic. This study aimed at translating the scale to Arabic (A-PSS: NICU) and validating it using a cohort of parents of infants admitted to the NICU. Between August 2015 and May 2017, the reliability and construct validity of the A-PSS: NICU were tested on 207 mothers and fathers in two tertiary care hospitals within Greater Beirut. Participants answered the A-PSS: NICU questionnaire, and were interviewed by a clinical psychologist who used the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). An exploratory factor analysis revealed that the A-PSS: NICU is composed of four factors. The A-PSS: NICU overall reliability was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha .92). The A-PSS: NICU scores correlated positively and significantly with those of the HAM-A (r = .24, p 0.89
0.80 > 0.89 > 0.89
Country
Language
Author
Metric 1
Metric 2
Turkey
Turkish
Turan et al. (2008)
0.78 0.88 0.84 0.89
0.81 0.88 0.85 0.90
13
Sights and sounds Infant behavior and appearance Parental role alterations Total PSS score
0.77 to 0.94
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) as it is considered to be the gold standard measure of anxiety.
Method Design and Setting This study was a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study conducted in two level III NICUs in the Greater Beirut between August 2015 and May 2017. Both units are located in academic tertiary care hospitals in urban area. The first hospital serves patients of moderate to high socioeconomic background. It has a general capacity of 370 bed with a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of 22 beds. The other serves patients of low to middle socioeconomic background. It has a general capacity of 240 beds and a NICU of 13 beds. The study was approved by the university’s institutional review board. Parents signed a written informed consent prior to participating in the study.
Participants Parents were recruited consecutively in the first 2 weeks following the admission of their infants to the NICU within each of the two units. Inclusion criterion required for the study was that parents had to have one or more infants admitted to the NICU within 1 week after birth. Parents younger than 18 years and parents with intellectual disability were excluded since a parent with intellectual disability will need a simplified language of instructions of the scale and this would have impacted the validation process.
Measurements The PSS: NICU is a 46-item self-report questionnaire that is composed of 4 subscales: “Sights and sounds of the unit” (5 items), “Inf
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