Adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the short depression-happiness scale
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Adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the short depression-happiness scale Murat Yildirim 1,2
&
Noor Bakr Balahmar 2,3
Accepted: 20 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The Short Depression Happiness Scale (SDHS) was developed to simultaneously assess depression and happiness on the opposite ends of the emotional valence continuum. The present study aimed to investigate and further validate the factor structure of the SDHS in a convenience sample of a large Arabic-speaking community. As part of an online survey, participants (n = 656) completed the SDHS, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. To independently perform exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the data were randomly split into two halves. The results of the EFA and CFA provided a one-factor solution as the satisfactory-fitting model for the scale (X2 = 43.39, df = 9, p < .001; CIMIN/DF = 4.82, CFI = .94, TLI = .91, RMSEA = .11, SRMR = .05). The convergent validity of the SDHS was confirmed via the relationships with life satisfaction, depression, anxiety, stress and personality traits (correlations ranged between .23 and − .72). The SDHS explained unique variance (Δr2 = ranged between .06 and .23%) in wellbeing indicators above and beyond the personality traits. The Arabic translation of the SDHS was consistent with the original solution that would facilitate the advancement of happiness research across cultures. Keywords Short depression happiness scale . Convergent validity . Factorial validity . Construct validity . Incremental validity . Arabic translation
Introduction For the past few decades, psychological studies have concentrated on understanding psychopathologies and providing solutions by emphasising the strengths of individuals. In this regard, a new discipline called positive psychology (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000) has been proposed to address psychopathologies by underscoring the positive aspects of individuals (e.g., happiness, life satisfaction). With the advent of positive psychology, happiness has extensively become a topic of interest in the literature. Happiness, a concept that is interchangeably
* Murat Yildirim [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology in the Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Erzurum Yolu 4 Km 04100, Ağrı, Turkey
2
Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
3
Department of Communication Skills in the Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
used with subjective well-being, has often been defined as a general evaluation of life satisfaction, more experiences of positive emotions and less experiences of negative emotions (Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999). It has also been asserted that happiness is best understood on a valence continuum, with one end of the spectru
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