Valuing and significance of eco-tourism parks across eastern arid regions of Pakistan
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Valuing and significance of eco-tourism parks across eastern arid regions of Pakistan Sehresh Hena 1 & Sufyan Ullah Khan 2,3 & Abdul Rehman 4 & Sumia Sahar 5 & Inam Ullah Khalil 1 & Jingdong Luan 1 Received: 10 April 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The green spaces preserve natural heritage, spectacular landscapes, and wildlife habitats. By incorporating national parks, it leads to economic growth, environmental sustainability, social involvement, and provides a protected area for endangered wildlife. Naturedependent tourism indicates a critical place within the national economy. Pakistan is tackling the tourism industry and implementing nature-related approaches using national parks. The main objective of the proposed study is to appraise the economic value of the eastern arid regions of Pakistan and determine their environmental importance. For the assessment of recreational value, the travel cost method (TCM) and the zero truncated negative binomial regression models were chosen. Recreation demand was negatively linked to salary and had a significant positive association with the place of residence, age, and length of stay. The total estimated annual consumer surplus of the parks was Rs. 3317/person, while outsider consumer surplus was Rs. 3032/person/visit, and consumer surplus native annual value was Rs. 3289/person/visit. The results show that visitors have fewer tendencies towards the recreational site, as they are restricted to paying the entrance fee. This study contributes to environmental content reservations, such as a clean atmosphere, soil protection, and a stable ecosystem. It also improves economic valuation and sends a thought-provoking signal to native authorities to effectively manage the supervision of national parks. Keywords Valuation . Eco-tourism parks . Travel cost method . Consumer surplus . Economic analysis . Eastern arid regions . Pakistan
Introduction Eco-tourism is one of the quickest rising sectors of the sustainable tourism industry (UNEP 2013; Cusack and Dixon 2006), which plays a crucial role in promoting wildlife conservation, protection of the environment, poverty alleviation,
and sustainable economic growth (Duffy 2008; K.C et al. 2015). Similarly, green zones are serving the balanced ecosystem in the form of fresh air, regulate temperature, eliminate pollution, minimize noise pollution, penetrate marine water, and restore groundwater (Groenewegen et al. 2006; Escobedo et al. 2011). Countries such as Thailand, Nepal, Malaysia,
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Jingdong Luan [email protected]
1
College of Economics and Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
2
College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
3
Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
Abdul Rehman [email protected]
4
Sumia Sahar [email protected]
Colleg
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