Vapor grown carbon nanofiber based cotton fabrics with negative thermoelectric power
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Vapor grown carbon nanofiber based cotton fabrics with negative thermoelectric power A. J. Paleo . E. M. F. Vieira . K. Wan . O. Bondarchuk . M. F. Cerqueira . E. Bilotti . M. Melle-Franco . A. M. Rocha
Received: 13 March 2020 / Accepted: 8 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Vapor grown carbon nanofiber (CNF) based ink dispersions were used to dip-coat woven cotton fabrics with different constructional parameters, and their thermoelectric (TE) properties studied at room temperature. Unlike the positive thermoelectric power (TEP) observed in TE textile fabrics produced with similar carbon-based nanostructures, the CNF-based cotton fabrics showed negative TEP, caused by the compensated semimetal character of the CNFs and the highly graphitic nature of their outer layers, which hinders the p-type doping with oxygen groups onto them. A dependence of the electrical conductivity (r) and TEP as a function of the woven
cotton fabric was also observed. The cotton fabric with the largest linear density (tex) showed the best performance with negative TEP values around - 8 lV K-1, a power factor of 1.65 9 10-3 lW m-1 K-2, and a figure of merit of 1.14 9 10-6. Moreover, the possibility of a slight e- charge transfer or n-doping from the cellulose onto the most external CNF graphitic shells was also analysed by computer modelling. This study presents n-type carbon-based TE textile fabrics produced easily and without any functionalization processes to prevent the inherent doping with oxygen, which causes the typical p-type character found in most carbon-based TE materials.
A. J. Paleo (&) A. M. Rocha 2C2T-Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Campus de Azure´m, 4800-058 Guimara˜es, Portugal e-mail: [email protected]
M. F. Cerqueira CFUM – Center of Physics of the University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
E. M. F. Vieira CMEMS-UMinho-Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Campus de Azure´m, 4800-058 Guimara˜es, Portugal
M. Melle-Franco CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
K. Wan E. Bilotti SEMS-School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK O. Bondarchuk M. F. Cerqueira INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre. Jose Veiga, Braga, Portugal
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Cellulose
Graphic abstract
Keywords Cotton fabrics Carbon Nanofibers Electronic doping Negative thermoelectric power
Introduction Wearable thermoelectric (TE) devices that transform the temperature gradient between the human body and surrounding environment into an electrical voltage, determined by the Seebeck coefficient (a) or thermoelectric power (TEP), and calculated as a ¼ DV DT (Beretta et al. 2019), have emerged as excellent candidates to power portable electronics (Kim et al. 2018; Ryan et al. 2017). In order to fabricate thermoelectric generat
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