Variation of trace element accumulation by iron-manganese nodules from Dystric Cambisols with and without contamination
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SOILS, SEC 4 • ECOTOXICOLOGY • RESEARCH ARTICLE
Variation of trace element accumulation by iron-manganese nodules from Dystric Cambisols with and without contamination Yana O. Timofeeva 1
&
Alexander Karabtsov 2 & Maria Ushkova 2 & Maxim Burdukovskii 1 & Victoria Semal 1,3
Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 20 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of soil contamination on the trace element accumulation in nodules, inter-element relationships inside the nodules, and mobility of trace elements incorporated in nodules. Materials and methods We collected nodules sized 2–4 mm from pollution-free areas and areas significantly contaminated by Pb, Cd, and Zn with Dystric Cambisols on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean and studied them using a combination of advanced analytical methods and noninvasive techniques. Results and discussion The accumulation of trace elements by nodules was accompanied by a decrease of element mobility compared to surrounding soils. Nodules from uncontaminated soils can be highlighted as follows: (1) significant enrichment by Co and moderate enrichment by Ni, Cu, and Pb in the absence of Zn and Cd accumulation; (2) the strong affinities of Co and Cu towards Mn, association of Pb and Ni with both Mn and Fe; and (3) higher levels of Mn accumulation than in the nodules from contaminated soils. The main peculiarities of the nodules from contaminated soils were the increase in accumulation levels of Fe, Pb, Zn, and Cd, with the exception of Co; elements that were bound to Fe predominantly; and an increased trace element mobility compared to the nodules from the uncontaminated field. Nodules of two experimental fields had different composition of iron minerals. Conclusions Iron-Mn nodules act as barriers that limit the input of elements in soil solution. Increases in the Fe-containing compounds (both pedogenic and anthropogenic origin) in nodules enhanced the trace elements removed from the hostcontaminated soils. Keywords Iron-manganese nodules . Contamination of soils . Trace elements . Self-purification of soils . Dystric Cambisol
1 Introduction Responsible editor: Dong-Mei Zhou Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-02002814-w. * Yana O. Timofeeva [email protected] 1
Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
2
Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
3
Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
According to the levels of concentration, trace elements are considered necessary for plant and animal life or as environmentally hazardous contaminants. Soils in different parts of the world, particularly in urban and industrial regions, contain high contents of trace elements (Kabata-Pendias 2011; Simon et al. 2016; Y
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