Comparison of trace element concentration in bone and intervertebral disc tissue by atomic absorption spectrometry techn
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Comparison of trace element concentration in bone and intervertebral disc tissue by atomic absorption spectrometry techniques Łukasz Kubaszewski1,4*, Anetta Zioła-Frankowska2, Marcin Frankowski2, Piotr Rogala3, Zuzanna Gasik4, Jacek Kaczmarczyk1, Andrzej Nowakowski3, Mikolaj Dabrowski3, Wojciech Labedz1, Grzegorz Miękisiak5 and Robert Gasik4
Abstract Background: Trace element (TE) analysis in human tissue has the dual purpose of assessing environmental pollution and metabolism. In literature, bone TE analysis is common, but studies in intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue are lacking. The aim of the study was evaluation of the difference of TE concentration in intervertebral disc and bone in patients with degenerative changes. The comparison of the tissues differing in metabolism, blood perfusion, or separateness from adjoining tissues but playing similar biomechanical role and presenting some common morphological traits may shed new light on metabolism nuances, degenerative process, as well as accumulation potential of IVD in respect to bone. Methods: In the study, we analyzed two types of samples: intervertebral disc (n =30, from 22 patients operated due to degenerative disc disease) and femoral bone (n =26, separately femoral head and neck, from 26 patients, acquired in total hip arthroplasty procedure in course of idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hip joint). In the samples we analyzed, with atomic absorption spectrometry, the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Mo, Cu, Mg, and Zn. Results: The element concentrations identified in bone are comparable to those presented in the literature. In the case of Pb, Ni, Mo, Mg, and Zn, the concentration in the bone was 2 to 25.8 times higher than that observed in the disc. Only the Cu concentration was higher in disc tissue than in bone. In disc tissue, fewer samples had TE concentrations below the detection threshold. We found significant differences in TE profiles in the compared tissues. Conclusions: The results show that the disc could serve as a more stable compartment for evaluating TE concentration, especially for TEs that are environmentally related. Keywords: Bone, Intervertebral disc, Trace element
Background Trace element (TE) analysis in biota has a twofold purpose of monitoring environmental exposure to the pollutants and, secondarily, of indirect analysis of metabolism-related issues. The human body can be divided into several compartments with respect to element turnover. The most * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, W. Dega University Hospital, University of Medical Science Poznan, 28 Czerwca 1956r St., Poznań 61-545, Poland 4 Clinic and Polyclinic of Neuroorthopedic and Neurology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Spartańska 1, Warsaw 02-637, Poland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
unstable compartments are serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Analysis of these tissues is useful for short periods of exposure or organismal response to specific me
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