Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET): A Survey, Challenges, and Applications
An ad hoc network consisting of vehicles has emerged as an interesting but challenging domain where a lot of new application may find their place. Though research in this field is on since last two decades, large-scale practical implementation still requi
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Abstract An ad hoc network consisting of vehicles has emerged as an interesting but challenging domain where a lot of new application may find their place. Though research in this field is on since last two decades, large-scale practical implementation still require some time. In this paper, a survey of current challenges and potential applications, incorporating medium access control schemes, routing approaches, hardware and spectrum issues, and security and privacy issues for VANETs, is presented. Keywords VANETs · Challenges · Applications
1 Introduction Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a challenging network environment that pursues the concept of ubiquitous computing for future. Vehicles equipped with wireless communication technologies and acting like computers will be on our roads soon, and this will revolutionize our concept of traveling. VANETs bring lot of possibilities for new range of applications which will make our travel not only safer, but also fun. A. Rasheed (B) · A. Qayyum Center of Research in Networks & Telecom (CoReNeT), Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan e-mail: [email protected] A. Qayyum e-mail: [email protected] S. Gillani Department of Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan e-mail: [email protected] S. Ajmal Research Center of Modeling and Simulation, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 A. Laouiti et al. (eds.), Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks for Smart Cities, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 548, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3503-6_4
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The concept of VANETs is quite simple: By incorporating the wireless communication and data sharing capabilities, the vehicles can be turned into a network providing similar services to the ones we are used to in our office or at home networks. VANET is considered an offshoot of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). In many ways, VANETs are similar to MANETs. For example, both networks are multi-hop mobile networks having dynamic topology. There is no central entity, and nodes themselves route data across the network. Both MANETs and VANETs are rapidly deployable without the need of an infrastructure. VANETs have some distinguishing characteristics in many ways [1]. Both MANET and VANET are mobile networks; however, the mobility pattern of VANET nodes follows geometrical patterns. MANETs are often characterized by limited storage capacity, low battery, and processing power. VANETs, on the other hand, do not have such limitations. In VANETs, any node may move at high relative velocity. This makes the lifetime of communication links between nodes quite short. Node density is also unpredictable; during rush hours, the roads are crowded with vehicles. Similarly some roads have more traffic than other roads. Specialized and mixed node deployment patterns and versatile mobility have made the problem more complicated. These network topologies which are highly flu
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