Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) Localization Techniques: A Survey
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) Localization Techniques: A Survey Faruk Baturalp Günay1 · Ercüment Öztürk2 · Tuğrul Çavdar2 · Y. Sinan Hanay3 · Atta ur Rehman Khan4 Received: 3 February 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain 2020
Abstract Localization has become an important area of research with the development of wireless communication technologies. Of particular prominence within this area is Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), which plays an important role in many applications such as vehicle tracking, accident prevention, and efficient transportation. GPS technology, which can easily be integrated into vehicles has been instrumental in the development of localization-based applications. Furthermore, owing to the improvements in the wireless communication technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), VANET localization can be implemented in places where GPS is not available. In this survey, we begin by providing a summary of the use cases of localization in VANET and highlight various techniques that are proposed in the literature. Moreover, we classify the studies in this area with respect to their methodologies, and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we provide an overview of potential research topics for future research.
1 Introduction Low-cost and accurate localization is a crucial requirement for various areas of usage including vehicular networks [1]. With rapid urbanization and the emergence of transportation systems in metropolitan areas, localization has become instrumental in navigation systems of vehicles. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a temporary network environment where vehicles communicate and share information with each other [2]. Recently, VANET has been a very active area of research to tackle the traffic problems in congested areas of cities. Estimating the location of the vehicles in motion can provide an overview of traffic on the network and prevent traffic accidents [3]. It can also provide significant fuel savings by reducing the disruptions in transportation services. In dense traffic conditions, capturing accurate location information is highly critical for VANETs because * Faruk Baturalp Günay [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Engineering, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
2
Department of Computer Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
3
Department of Computer Engineering, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey
4
College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, 346 Ajman, UAE
of the close proximity between vehicles. The accuracy of guidance operations carried out on electronic maps relies on the quality of the captured location information. However, there are difficulties in locating vehicles in VANETs, due to mobility of vehicles and the weakness of signals caused by environmental objects (fading and Doppler effects). A detailed list of published papers focusing on this aspect is provided in this paper. In order
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