Verb Movement and the Syntax of Kashmiri
3. 1 Kashmiri is not "non-Configurational" 45 3. 1 . 1 Agreement 51 3 . 1. 2 Binding Theory 52 3. 1. 3 Distribution of PRO 56 3 . 1. 4 Additional Evidence 57 3. 1. 4. 1 Weak Crossover (WCO) 57 3. 1. 4. 2 Constituent Fronting 60 3. 1. 4. 3 Superiority-Like
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Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory VOLUME46 Managing Editors
Liliane Haegeman, University of Geneva Joan Maling, Brandeis University James McCloskey, University of California, Santa Cruz Editorial Board
Carol Georgopoulos, University of Utah Guglielmo Cinque, University of Venice Jane Grimshaw, Rutgers University Michael Kenstowicz, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Hilda Koopman, University of California, Los Angeles Howard Lasnik, University of Connecticut at Storrs Alec Marantz, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology John J. McCarthy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Ian Roberts, University of Stuttgart
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
VERB MOVEMENT AND THE SYNTAX OF KASHMIR! by RAKESH MOHAN BHATT University of South Carolina, Columbia
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-5344-2 DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-9279-6
ISBN 978-94-015-9279-6 (eBook)
Printed an acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved © 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1999
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form.or by any means, electronic or mechanical, incIuding photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permis sion from the copyright owner.
To my parents Mohani and Mohan Lal Bhatt
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments List of abbreviations
Xll
XIV
1 Introduction 1. 0 Preliminary Remarks 1. 1 Issues and Challenges 1. 2 Organization of the Book 1. 3 Theoretical Preliminaries 1.3.1 UG and Syntactic Modularity 1. 3. 2 The Different Modules 1.3.2.1 X-Bar Theory 1.3.2.2 Theta Theory 1.3.2.3 Predication Theory 1.3.2.4 Government Theory 1.3.2.5 Case Theory Binding Theory 1.3.2.6 1.3.2.7 Control Theory 1.4 Summary
20
2 The Kashmiri Language 2. 0 Introduction 2. 1 Sociolinguistic Profile 2. 2 Linguistic History of Kashmiri
22 22 22 24
2.3
Notes on Kashmiri Grammar
25
2.3.1 Morphosyntax
25
2.3.2 Syntax
35
Summary
42
2.4
Vll
1 1
2 7 9 9
12 12 13 15 15 17 19 19
3
Configurationality and Phrase Structure
43
3.0
Introduction
43
3.1
Kashmiri is not "non-Configurational"
45
3. 1 . 1 Agreement
51
3 .1. 2 Binding Theory
52
3. 1. 3 Distribution of PRO
56
3 .1.4 Additional Evidence
57
3.2
3.1.4.1
Weak Crossover (WCO)
57
3.1.4.2
Constituent Fronting
60
3.1.4.3
Superiority-Like Effects
62
Word Order Constraints: Kashmiri Phrase Structure
64
3.2.1
65
N-complements
3.2.2 Postpositions
67
3. 2. 3 Adjectives
67
3.2.4 The Structure ofVP
68
3. 3.
The Functional Projections
71
3.4
Complement ki clauses
3.5
Summary
74 79
4 Verb-Second (V2) Phenomena
80
4.0
Introduction
80
4. 1
Kashmiri Vo rfe ld
84
4.1.1
85
V2 Clauses 4.1.1.1
Main Clauses
85
4.1.1.2
ki-Clauses
98
4.1.2 V3 Clauses
4.2
102
4.1.2.1
Declarati
