Vertical distribution of nutrient tracers in the western Arctic Ocean and its relationship to water structure and biogeo
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Vertical distribution of nutrient tracers in the western Arctic Ocean and its relationship to water structure and biogeochemical processes Yanpei Zhuang1, 2, Hongliang Li1, 2, Haiyan Jin1, 3*, Shengquan Gao1, Jianfang Chen1, 3*, Yangjie Li1, Youcheng Bai1, Zhongqiang Ji1 1 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources,
Hangzhou 310012, China 2 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of
Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China Received 20 May 2019; accepted 12 August 2019 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract ¡ During the 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition cruise in the summer of 2008, nutrients (NO ¡ 3 , NO 2 , 2¡ 3¡ SiO 3 , and P O 4 ) and dissolved oxygen were measured in the western Arctic Ocean, to derive the vertical distribution of nutrient tracers and its relationship to water structure and biogeochemical processes. The nutrient 3¡ 2¡ ¡ data show that surface waters had the lowest NO ¡ 3 /P O 4 (mean of 0.5) and SiO 3 /P O 3 (mean of 2.8) values in the water column, suggesting an excess of phosphate. Winter Bering Shelf water (wBSW) had high Si* (16.7 μmol/L; 3¡ 3¡ Si*=[Si(OH)4]–[NO ¡ 3 ]) with negative N* (−11.7 μmol/L; N*=[P O 4 ]−16[P O 4 ]+3.5 μmol/L) in the water column, indicating nitrate deficiency. The warm Atlantic layer had positive N* (0.8 μmol/L) and negative Si* (−5.4 μmol/L) compared with Pacific source water. The vertical distribution of nutrients indicates that wBSW can be 3¡ characterized by N* minimum and Si* maximum. In contrast, minima of Si* and SiO 2¡ 3 /P O 4 below 200 m indicate the distribution of Atlantic warm water.
Key words: nutrients, N*, Si*, Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean Citation: Zhuang Yanpei, Li Hongliang, Jin Haiyan, Gao Shengquan, Chen Jianfang, Li Yangjie, Bai Youcheng, Ji Zhongqiang. 2020. Vertical distribution of nutrient tracers in the western Arctic Ocean and its relationship to water structure and biogeochemical processes. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 39(9): 109–114, doi: 10.1007/s13131-020-1651-8
1 Introduction The Redfield ratio (i.e., C: N: P=106: 16: 1) is the cornerstone of nutrient dynamics in the ocean (Redfield et al., 1963). On the basis of this ratio, nutrients can be used to trace the origin and transport of water masses, and to assess biogeochemical processes in the water column. Broecker (1974) first proposed quasiconservative nutrient water mass tracers, NO (NO=[O2]+9[NO−]) and PO (PO=[O2]+135[PO− ]), which have since been widely used (e.g., Ríos et al., 1989; Ekwurzel et al., 2001; McLaughlin et al., 2004). For example, the NO/PO ratio can be used to discriminate between Pacific (0.85) waters (Wilson and Wallace, 1990). Gruber and Sarmiento (1997) proposed N*, a parameter for characterizing nitrogen budget processes (N*=([NO−]−16[PO− ]+2.90 μmol/
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