Vinyl ethers and epoxides photoinduced copolymerization with perfluoropolyalkylether monomers
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INVITED ARTICLE
Vinyl ethers and epoxides photoinduced copolymerization with perfluoropolyalkylether monomers Giuseppe Trusiano 1 & Alessandra Vitale 1 & Céline Bonneaud 2 & Diego Pugliese 1 & Sara Dalle Vacche 1 & Christine Joly-Duhamel 2 & Chadron M. Friesen 3 & Roberta Bongiovanni 1 Received: 6 May 2020 / Revised: 7 August 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract New perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) monomers, chain extended with different alkyl groups and functionalized with vinyl ether or epoxide end-groups, were employed, together with trimethylolpropane trivinyl ether or trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, to produce fluorinated copolymers. The photoinduced cationic polymerization was investigated, and the PFPAE-based copolymer properties were thoroughly characterized. Interesting surface properties and two different values of refractive index were observed: thus, these fluorinated copolymers can be suitable materials for the manufacture of self-cleaning coatings and optical waveguides. Keywords Perfluoropolyalkylethers . Cationic polymerization . UV curing . Sliding angle . Refractive index
Introduction The photoinduced cationic polymerization of vinyl ether or epoxy-based formulations is nowadays a well-established process, which owes its development and implementation in several industrial fields, such as inks, adhesives, coatings, and electronics, to its significant advantages: the photoinduced process is fast, does not require either solvent or heating, there is no inhibition by oxygen, products show low shrinkage, good mechanical and adhesion properties [1–4].
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-020-04723-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Giuseppe Trusiano [email protected] * Alessandra Vitale [email protected] 1
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
2
Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Cedex 5, 34296 Montpellier, France
3
Department of Chemistry, Trinity Western University, 7600 Glover Road, V2Y 1Y1 Langley, BC, Canada
The design of new monomers suitable for cationic photopolymerization processes is therefore interesting. In this context, perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPAEs) are attractive building blocks. They are non-toxic [5–8] and show exceptional properties: high thermal, chemical, corrosion, and weather resistances, very low refractive index, surface tension, glass transition temperature, adhesion, and friction [9–12]. Therefore, they have found applications as lubricants, surfactants, and finishing agents. Several PFPAE structures exist: they are made up of one or two of the following repetitive units: –(CF2O)–, −(CF2CF2O)–, −(CF2CF2CF2O)–, and –(CF(CF 3 )CF 2 O)–. CF 3 O–, C 2 F 5 O–, C 3 F 7 O–, and COFC2F4– are the end-groups, depending on the synthesis route [9, 11]. These end-groups can be functionalized in a larg
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