Kefiran/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) composite nanofibers: fabrication, characterization and consideratio
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Kefiran/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) composite nanofibers: fabrication, characterization and consideration of effective parameters in electrospinning Fatemeh Mehrali1 · Hakimeh Ziyadi1 · Malak Hekmati1 · Reza Faridi‑Majidi2 · Mahnaz Qomi3 Received: 11 February 2020 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The kefiran/polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanofibers were effectively fabricated for the first time using electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and kefiran blend solution. The effect of solution parameters, such as kefiran concentration and poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) mixing ratio, were considered. The parameters’ effects, such as voltage, nozzle-to-collector distance and feeding rate on nanofibers morphology, were also checked by the scanning electron microscopy images. After changing the parameters on different steps, designed by the chemo metrics software, the finest nanofibers were produced in the following conditions: 2% kefiran concentration, 30/70 kefiran/polymer mixing ratio, 12 kV voltage, 200 mm needle-to-collector distance and 0.5 (mL/h) polymer injection rate. The nanofibers produced in these conditions were uniform without knots or adhesion in the lowest diameter of 156 nm. Kefiran concentration and kefiran/polymer mixing ratio were found as the most effective parameter in the morphology and diameter size of the nanofibers. The attenuated total reflectance (ATR-Ft-IR), atomic force spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeters and thermal gravimetric analysis were used to investigate molecular structures, threedimensional morphology and heating properties of the nanofibers, respectively. Keywords Poly(vinyl alcohol) · Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) · Kefiran · Electrospinning · Composite nanofiber
1 Introduction Over the last decade, the electrospinning technique has been developed quickly for the fabrication of nanofibers because it is a simple, versatile, inexpensive and efficient technology for manufacturing sub-micron and industrialscale nanofibers. The broad range of applications for electrospun nanofibers shows their importance, for example in drug delivery [1], wound dressing and tissue scaffolds [2–4], surgical implants [5], composite materials [6], filtration [7], chemical catalysis [8] and electronic devices [9]. Polymeric nanofibers, which have been obtained from
the electrospinning method, can produce a large variety of polymers such as commercial, conducting, biological, inorganic, composite, and liquid crystalline polymers [10]. Kefiran (Kf ) is an exopolysaccharide from kefir micro flora, which is one of the best edible polymers used in the food industry and packaging material as a texturing and gelling agent [11–13]. It acts against the pathogenic genera Salmonella, Helicobacter, Shigella, Staphylococcus, and Escherichia coli because it has some anti-inflammatory features [14]. Also, it has been reported that kefiran has some antifungal [15], antitumor [16] and anti cholesterolemic [
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