Visual food stimulus changes resting oscillatory brain activities related to appetitive motive
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Behavioral and Brain Functions Open Access
RESEARCH
Visual food stimulus changes resting oscillatory brain activities related to appetitive motive Takahiro Yoshikawa1*, Masaaki Tanaka2, Akira Ishii2, Yoko Yamano1 and Yasuyoshi Watanabe2,3
Abstract Background: Changes of resting brain activities after visual food stimulation might affect the feeling of pleasure in eating food in daily life and spontaneous appetitive motives. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to identify brain areas related to the activity changes. Methods: Fifteen healthy, right-handed males [age, 25.4 ± 5.5 years; body mass index, 22.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2 (mean ± SD)] were enrolled. They were asked to watch food or mosaic pictures for 5 min and to close their eyes for 3 min before and after the picture presentation without thinking of anything. Resting brain activities were recorded during two eye-closed sessions. The feeling of pleasure in eating food in daily life and appetitive motives in the study setting were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Results: The γ-band power of resting oscillatory brain activities was decreased after the food picture presentation in the right insula [Brodmann’s area (BA) 13], the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (BA11), and the left frontal pole (BA10). Significant reductions of the α-band power were observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (BA46). Particularly, the feeling of pleasure in eating food was positively correlated with the power decrease in the insula and negatively with that in the DLPFC. The changes in appetitive motives were associated with the power decrease in the frontal pole. Conclusions: These findings suggest automatic brain mechanics whereby changes of the resting brain activity might be associated with positive feeling in dietary life and have an impact on the irresistible appetitive motives through emotional and cognitive brain functions. Keywords: Resting brain activity, Magnetoencephalography (MEG), Insula, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), Frontal pole Background Today’s lifestyle provides ample opportunities for pleasurable but excessive food intake [1], which often leads to obesity and becomes a considerable health threat in susceptible individuals by raising the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, fatty liver, sleep apnea, and certain forms of cancer [2, 3]. Another health issue associated with modern dietary lifestyles is related to the physiological and psychological *Correspondence: [email protected]‑cu.ac.jp 1 Department of Sports Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1‑4‑3 Asahi‑machi, Abeno‑ku, Osaka, Osaka 545‑8585, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
reductions in food intake that can be important contributors to sarcopenia in older individuals [4] as well as malnutrition in adolescents and young adult women [5]. Accordingly, from a public health perspective, it is imperative to clarify the control mechanis
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