Visualization of coronary venous anatomy by cardiovascular magnetic resonance
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Visualization of coronary venous anatomy by cardiovascular magnetic resonance John F Younger1, Sven Plein2,3, Andrew Crean4, Stephen G Ball2,3 and John P Greenwood*2,3 Address: 1Department of Cardiology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, 2Academic Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 3Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Unit, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK and 4Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada Email: John F Younger - [email protected]; Sven Plein - [email protected]; Andrew Crean - [email protected]; Stephen G Ball - [email protected]; John P Greenwood* - [email protected] * Corresponding author
Published: 11 August 2009 Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2009, 11:26
doi:10.1186/1532-429X-11-26
Received: 11 March 2009 Accepted: 11 August 2009
This article is available from: http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/11/1/26 © 2009 Younger et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract Background: Coronary venous imaging with whole-heart cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) angiography has recently been described using developmental pulse sequences and intravascular contrast agents. However, the practical utility of coronary venous imaging will be for patients with heart failure in whom cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is being considered. As such complementary information on ventricular function and myocardial viability will be required. The aim of this study was to determine if the coronary venous anatomy could be depicted as part of a comprehensive CMR protocol and using a standard extracellular contrast agent. Methods and Results: Thirty-one 3D whole heart CMR studies, performed after intravenous administration of 0.05 mmol/kg gadolinium DTPA, were reviewed. The cardiac venous system was visualized in all patients. The lateral vein of the left ventricle was present in 74%, the anterior interventricular vein in 65%, and the posterior interventricular vein in 74% of patients. The mean maximum distance of demonstrable cardiac vein on the 3D images was 81.5 mm and was dependent on the quality of the 3D data set. Five patients showed evidence of myocardial infarction on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images. Conclusion: Coronary venous anatomy can be reliably demonstrated using a comprehensive CMR protocol and a standard extracellular contrast agent. The combination of coronary venous imaging, assessment of ventricular function and LGE may be useful in the management of patients with LV dysfunction being considered for CRT.
Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is now an established treatment for chronic heart failure with broad QRS duration [1]. It requires the deployment
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