Visualization of icing process of a water droplet impinging onto a frozen cold plate under free and forced convection
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Zheyan Jin • Songyue Jin • Zhigang Yang
Visualization of icing process of a water droplet impinging onto a frozen cold plate under free and forced convection Received: 18 June 2012 / Revised: 4 October 2012 / Accepted: 4 November 2012 / Published online: 14 December 2012 Ó The Visualization Society of Japan 2012
1 Introduction Ice accretion on cold surfaces is a topic of great concern for a number of engineering applications. Ice formation and accretion on power cable and radio masts would cause significant damages or completely destroy the electric equipment on numerous occasions (Farzaneh 2000). Aircraft icing is widely recognized as one of the most serious weather hazards to aircraft operations (Gent et al. 2000). Wind-turbine icing represents the most significant threat to the integrity of wind turbines in cold weather. Ice accretion on turbine blades would decrease power production of the wind turbines significantly (Jasinski et al. 1998). Ice accretion and irregular shedding during wind-turbine operation would lead to load imbalances, as well as excessive turbine vibration, often causing the wind turbine to shut off (Dalili et al. 2009). Advancing the technology for safe and efficient operation of numerous functional devices in atmospheric icing conditions requires a better understanding of the icing physics. While a number of studies have been conducted in recent years to develop ice prediction tools for improved ice protection system designs (Hansman and Turnock 1989; Myers et al. 2002; Myers and Charpin 2004), many details of important microphysical processes that are responsible for the ice formation and accretion on frozen cold surfaces are still unclear. Fundamental icing physics studies are highly desirable to elucidate the underlying physics. In this study, we report an experimental icing physics study to investigate the transient behavior of the phase-changing process within a water droplet impinging onto a frozen cold plate under free and forced convection. 2 Experimental setup Figure 1 shows the schematic of the experimental setup used in the present study. A droplet generator was used to generate water droplets to impinge onto a red copper test plate. The water droplets contained a mixture of Rhodamine B (5 10 6 mol/L) and deionised water. The temperature of the test plate, which was monitored
Z. Jin (&) S. Jin School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail: [email protected] Z. Yang School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China Z. Yang Shanghai Automotive Wind Tunnel Center, Shanghai 201804, China
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using a thermocouple, was kept constant at a pre-selected low temperature level using a Constant Temperature Bath Circulator (AC 150-A25, Thermo Scientific). A laser sheet (*600 lm in thickness) from a pulsed Nd:Yag laser at a wavelength of 532 nm was used to illuminate the Rhodamine B molecules along the middle plane of the water droplets. A filter (570FG05-50, Maxlevy) was p
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