Vitamin A levels reflect disease severity and portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Vitamin A levels reflect disease severity and portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis Benedikt Simbrunner1,2,3,4,5 · Georg Semmler1,2 · Alexander Stadlmann1,2,6 · Bernhard Scheiner1,2 · Philipp Schwabl1,2,5 · Rafael Paternostro1,2 · Theresa Bucsics1,2 · David Bauer1,2 · Ernst Eigenbauer7 · Matthias Pinter1 · Albert‑Friedrich Stättermayer1 · Peter Quehenberger8 · Rodrig Marculescu8 · Michael Trauner1 · Mattias Mandorfer1,2 · Thomas Reiberger1,2,3,4,5 Received: 29 August 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Background and Aims The liver plays a key role in the storage, metabolism and homeostasis of fat-soluble vitamins. We investigated the relation of Vitamin(Vit)A/D/E serum levels with severity of liver disease and portal hypertension (PHT). Methods VitA/D/E serum levels were assessed in 234 patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD, i.e. hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] ≥ 6 mmHg). Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, pre-/post-hepatic PHT, TIPS or liver transplantation were excluded. Results Most patients were male (n = 153; 65%) with a median age of 57.6 (49.7–64.5) years. Thirty-two (14%) patients had HVPG 6–9 mmHg, 66 (28%) 10-15 mmHg, and 136 (58%) ≥ 16 mmHg, respectively. VitD deficiency (25-OH-vitaminD
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