Volatile profile of Italian and Montenegrine pomegranate juices for geographical origin classification

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ORIGINAL PAPER

Volatile profile of Italian and Montenegrine pomegranate juices for geographical origin classification Deborah Beghè1   · Martina Cirlini1   · Elisa Beneventi1   · Čizmović Miroslav2 · Perović Tatjana2 · Tommaso Ganino1   · Raffaella Petruccelli3 · Chiara Dall’Asta1  Received: 24 April 2020 / Revised: 25 September 2020 / Accepted: 27 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract In the present study, we have characterized for the first time the volatile fraction of 20 pomegranate juices from fruits harvested in Northern Italy and southern Montenegro, by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique (GC–MS). The volatile profile accounted for 57 compounds belonging mainly to three chemical classes: alcohols, aldehydes and terpenes. Thanks to advance chemometric analysis, the samples were clusterized according to the geographical origin, and the volatiles responsible for differentiation were identified, indicating that the use of volatile profile for discriminating between pomegranate ecotypes grown in different geographical areas is a promising approach. Overall, the chemical information acquired represents a very relevant tool for the retrieval and exploitation of minor varieties and in support of biodiversity of these promising geographical areas for pomegranate cultivation. Keywords  Punica granatum L. · HS-SPME/GS–MS · Phytochemical characterization · Aroma profile Abbreviations GC–MS Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry LIR Linear retention indices HS-SPME Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction

Introduction Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a temperate climate species native of the Central Asia; from this area, it spread to the neighboring regions and, in the course of millennia, Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (https​://doi.org/10.1007/s0021​7-020-03619​-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Martina Cirlini [email protected] 1



Department of Food’ and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy

2



Biotechnical Faculty, Centre for Subtropical Cultures, University of Montenegro, Topolica bb, 85000 Bar, Montenegro

3

Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy



in other parts of the world, among them the Mediterranean Basin. Pomegranates are cultivated in large parts of the world, including Latin America, southern Europe, Asia and Africa [1]. Due to the good adaptation to abiotic stress conditions, typical of the Mediterranean Basin, pomegranate has spread in this geographical area over times, leading to the appearance of a multitude of new, local individuals [2]. Pomegranate has a large genetic patrimony, represented by over 500 described cultivars, and by a wide amount of wild plants, whose germplasm is so far only partially explored and exploited [1]. Due to its inconvenient consumption, pomeg