Volatilization of Arsenic and antimony in Copper matte converting
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PINAKIN C. C H A U B A L and MEGURU NAGAMORI
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Volatilization of Arsenic and Antimony in Copper Matte Converting
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20 40 60 80 I00 VAPOR-LIQUID COMPOSITIONS, wt- pct AICI3
Fig. 4--Equilibrium temperature vs vapor and liquid compositions for A1C13-FeC13 system.
a problem for most aluminum sources. For example, the Fe-to-Al ratio in clay is about 1 to 10. Because the boiler residue would contain a low total amount o f aluminum, it may be acceptable to discard the residue without further attempts to salvage the remaining small amount o f aluminum chloride associated with the ferric chloride. Whether or not A1C13 purified by this scheme on a commercial scale would be suitable for reduction to metal ultimately depends upon the specifications for FeC13 content.
REFERENCES 1. S.M. Danov, G. G. Devyatykh, and G. A. Anisimov: Trudy po Khimii i Khimich, 1961, vol. 4 , p p . 727-80. 2 . E. Gnttinger: Ph.D. Thesis, Dis. N o . 4236, Zurich Tech. Univ., Zurich, Switzerland, 1969, 141 pp. 3 . E R. A. Jorgensen and E J. Moyle: Proc. Australas. Inst. Min. Metall., 1979, no. 269, pp. 29-35. 4 . V.M. Binnewies: Z. anorg, allg. Chem., 1977, vol. 437, p p . 19-24. 5 . R.M. Fowler and S.S. Melford: lnorg. Chem., 1 9 7 6 , vol. 1 5 , pp. 473-74. 6 . H. S. Patsos: M.S. Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 1982, 257 p p . 7 . K.N. Semenko,T. N. Navmova, L. N. Garokhov, G. A. Semenva, and A.V. Novoselova: Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR, 1964, vol. 154, n o . 1 , p p . 169-70. 8 . C. Shieh and N.W. Gregory: J. Phys. Chem., 1 9 7 5 , vol. 7 9 , p p . 828-33. 9 . L.J. Howell, R.C. Sommer, and H. H. Kellogg: J. o f Metals, 1957, vol, 9 , n o . 1 , p p . 193-200.
Although not so badly as bismuth, the impurities arsenic and antimony are detested in copper smelting, and their allowable limits are below 0.3 pct in blister copper. Both arsenic and antimony are known to be eliminated chiefly by volatilization during the slag-making stage of converting, and therefore understanding the chemistry o f these elements in the converter is very important for the control of As and Sb levels in blister copper. A computer model was developed awhile ago by the present authors~ to simulate the volatilization of bismuth in the course o f commercial matte converting at 1100 to 1300 °C. Mathematically, the model was a numerical integration of the rate equation proposed by Ruddle, 2 modified by the present authors to deal with the steady-state volatilization, 3 with the use of the technique o f stepwise equilibrium modeling established by Kellogg. 4 The computer model permits prediction of bismuth contents in the gas, slag, matte, and metallic Copper phases at any given time in the course of converting. The computer predictions were in excellent agreement with the industrial data reported by copper smelters around the world.1 Encouraged by its success, attempts were made to simulate further the behavior of As and Sb in industrial converters by replacing the thermodyna
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