Voltammetric determination of Auramine O with ZIF-67/Fe 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 -modified electrode
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Voltammetric determination of Auramine O with ZIF-67/ Fe2O3/g-C3N4-modified electrode Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa1,2, Tran Thanh Tam Toan1, Tran Xuan Mau3, Nguyen Thi Vuong Hoan4, Tran Thi Nhat Tram4, Tran Duc Manh5,*, Vo Thang Nguyen5, Vu Thi Duyen5, Pham Le Minh Thong6,7, and Dinh Quang Khieu1,* 1
University of Sciences, Hue University, 49000 Hue, Vietnam University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 49000 Hue, Vietnam 3 Hue University, 49000 Hue, Vietnam 4 Quy Nhon University, 55000 Quy Nhon, Vietnam 5 University of Education and Science, The University of Da Nang, 50000 Da Nang, Vietnam 6 Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 50000 Da Nang, Vietnam 7 Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, 50000 Da Nang, Vietnam 2
Received: 6 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 14 September 2020
In the present work, the synthesis of ZIF-67/Fe2O3/g-C3N4 and its use for voltammetric determination of Auramine O are demonstrated. The resulting materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm. The composite composes of polyhedron ZIF-67 particles evenly decorated with flocculent Fe2O3/g-C3N4 and has a specific surface area of 600 m2.g- 1. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were performed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of Auramine O at ZIF-67/Fe2O3/g-C3N4-modified electrode. An excellent linear relationship between the anodic peak current and Auramine O concentration was found in the range of 1.9–17 lM under the optimized experimental conditions. The proposed electrochemical method exhibits high repeatability with a low detection limit of 0.65 lM. This method was successfully employed to the determine Auramine O in pickled vegetable samples, showing excellent agreement with the results obtained from HPLC analysis.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1
Introduction
Auramine O (AO), bis [4-(dimethylamino) phenyl] methaniminium chloride, is a diarylmethane dye. This unauthorized food additive, which is linked to
the increased risk of some specific cancers, is classified to Group 2B by the International Agency of Research on Cancer [1–3]. It was found that AO can cause damage to the liver, bone marrow, and kidney of rats and mice [4]. Despite being forbidden as a
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04499-w
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
food additive, its use in the food industry is widespread in some developing countries, such as the Philippines, India, Malaysia, China, and Vietnam [5, 6]. Various analytical approaches have been developed for the determination of AO in food, such as spectrophotometry [7, 8], liquid chromatography [5, 9], dispersive solid-phase extraction with dynamic surfaced-enhanced raman spectroscopy [10], fluorescence [11, 12], and ultrasound-assisted nanoparticlesdispersive
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