Porous Co 3 O 4 modified carbon paste electrode for the quantification of dopamine
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Porous Co3O4 modified carbon paste electrode for the quantification of dopamine Thooneri Shimna1 · Jasmine Thomas2 · Tony Thomas3 · Nygil Thomas1 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A simple Co3O4 modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed as an electrochemical sensor for the selective detection and quantification of dopamine (DA) via fastest synthesis and fabrication methods. The solution combustion method and bulk modification techniques were sequentially used for the preparation of the sensor. The modifier was characterized using different techniques such as PXRD, FT-IR, SEM and TG-DSC. The fabricated sensor shows a wide linear dynamic range of 80 µM-300 nM, low detection limit, excellent reproducibility and high stability. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques were extensively used for the electrochemical studies. The same electrode was used for detecting DA in the solution of coexisting ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). Well resolved peaks and good current sensitivity of this electrochemical sensor extended its utility in determining DA in blood serum at physiological pH. Graphic abstract
Keywords Co3O4 · Carbon paste electrode · Solution combustion · Dopamine · Ascorbic acid · Uric acid
1 Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-020-01472-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Nygil Thomas [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Dopamine (3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, DA), a vital catecholamine neurotransmitter, occupies the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS & PNS). It controls a variety of functions including emotions, memory and endocrine regulation. It also ensures the proper functioning of renal, hormonal, cardio vascular and central
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nervous systems [1]. Higher level of DA in brain provides a person pleasure, reward feelings etc. and the deficiency leads to a number of neurodegenerative diseases like Depression, Schizophrenia, Psychosis, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinsonism [2–4]. This urges us to monitor the relative amount of DA in the brain to identify the neurological dysfunctions and diseases. Several methods have been evolved for the precise monitoring and the quantification of DA [5], which include ionexchange chromatography [6], high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry [7], spectrophotometry [8], colorimetry and fluorescence methods [5] etc. But these methods require sophisticated and costly instrumentation, complicated sample pretreatment procedures, long period of analysis and extensive consumption of chemicals. Therefore it is highly desirable to develop a novel, simple, cheap and rapid electro analytical methods. Electroanalytical methods offer useful alternatives with better characteristics such as profitability, operational easiness a
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