Vulnerability analysis of interdependent network via integer programming approaches
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Vulnerability analysis of interdependent network via integer programming approaches Shanshan Hou1 · Andres Garrido2 · Neng Fan1 Received: 17 April 2018 / Accepted: 2 November 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The interdependent network can be applied to model two or more infrastructure systems with mutual reliance. The failure of elements in one system may lead to failure of dependent elements in other systems, and this may happen recursively leading to a cascade of failures. In this paper, integer programming models are proposed to identify the most vulnerable network elements (nodes and edges), whose removal can maximally destroy the interdependent network, with minimum functional components survived after the cascading failure process. Numerical experiments are performed on several interdependent networks consisting of power grid and control communication network, to validate the proposed models and to identify the vulnerable network elements. Keywords Interdependent network · Vulnerability analysis · Cascading failure · Connected component
1 Introduction On September 28, 2003, several nodes of the power grid failed in Italy, and caused failures of the control communication network, which, in turn, caused a further breakdown of the power grid. The failures eventually led to a large-scale blackout affecting the whole Italian Peninsula, and the full restoration took almost 19 h (see an overview in [1]). The analysis of this incident suggests that higher level coordinated operations of the interconnected systems are needed in case of unpredictable failures. The management of power grid requires the control of communication network, while the operations of communication network needs electricity supply. Such interconnections of the two systems present an example of the interdependent networks.
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Neng Fan [email protected]
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Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Departamento de Ingenieria de Sistemas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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S. Hou et al.
In interdependent networks, one network depends on another to be functional. Additionally, failures in one will affect not only itself but also the ones depending on it. Interdependence models these kinds of relationships and the mutual reliance between networks [2]. There are many examples of interdependent networks, especially for modeling critical infrastructures. Some examples include water and energy systems [3], water system and its control system [4], airport and seaport systems [5], and signal and traffic systems [6]. As explained above, a failure in one network may cause a failure in another and lead to cascading failure [7]. A cascading failure is defined as a process in interdependent networks in which the failure of one or a few parts can trigger the failure of other parts. There exist some cases that a failure of a very small fraction of nodes or edges in one network may lead to the complete failure of the whole interdependent network (e.g
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