Modelling, Simulation and Vulnerability Analysis of Interdependent Technical Infrastructures
In this chapter, a modelling framework for interdependent technical infrastructures is presented. As input to the framework, characteristics of interdependencies and the objectives of the modelling framework are discussed. The overall approach is to divid
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Modelling, Simulation and Vulnerability Analysis of Interdependent Technical Infrastructures Jonas Johansson and Henrik Hassel
Abstract In this chapter, a modelling framework for interdependent technical infrastructures is presented. As input to the framework, characteristics of interdependencies and the objectives of the modelling framework are discussed. The overall approach is to divide the modelling of technical infrastructures into two parts, a topological part and a functional part. The topological part describes the structure and how components are connected. The functional part describes the flow of the infrastructure and how the system reacts when strains affect it. This generic approach of how to model individual infrastructures then enables the inclusion of dependencies in and analyses of a ‘‘system-of-system’’ model. Three perspectives of vulnerability analyses are also presented: global vulnerability, critical components and geographical vulnerability. The presented framework is utilized in, but not limited to, the context of vulnerability analyses in Chap. 6 for two different types of interdependent technical infrastructures.
5.1 Introduction As discussed in Chap. 1, modelling and simulation approaches generally aim to assist an analyst in understanding how disturbances cascade through a set of interconnected infrastructures. Chapter 4 presented one way of analysing J. Johansson (&) Department of Industrial Engineering and Automation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] J. Johansson H. Hassel Lund University Centre for Risk Assessment and Management (LUCRAM), Lund, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] H. Hassel Department of Fire Safety Engineering and Systems Safety, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
P. Hokstad et al. (eds.), Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures, Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4661-2_5, Springer-Verlag London 2012
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interdependencies between critical infrastructures, where scenarios are analysed ‘‘manually’’ using cascade diagrams. The present chapter addresses the task of modelling and simulating interdependent infrastructure systems from a different perspective. Here, the task is to model infrastructure systems and their interdependencies, in order to run computer simulations to assess the behaviour of the infrastructures when subjected to strains. In order to identify and understand the effects of interdependencies and the consequences that can arise, an approach for vulnerability analysis is also presented. It should be noted that the framework presented here is of a general character rather than being a specific tool which can be straightforwardly applied in a specific situation. Instead, the framework should be seen as providing a platform for modelling interdependent infrastructures, but it must be complemented with expert knowledge, specific tools and models which are adapted to the particular modelling task and analysis of interest. In Chap. 6, the
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