Vulnerability assessment considering impact of future groundwater exploitation on coastal groundwater resources in north
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Vulnerability assessment considering impact of future groundwater exploitation on coastal groundwater resources in northeastern Jeju Island, South Korea Sun Woo Chang1,2 · Il‑Moon Chung1,2 · Min‑Gyu Kim1 · Bisrat Ayalew Yifru1,2 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Jeju Island is the largest island in South Korea. Recently, extensive groundwater abstraction has been reported from the shallow aquifer in the northeast region of the island. This study simulated the freshwater resources of the aquifer to estimate the sustainability of groundwater use on Jeju Island in terms of its vulnerability to seawater intrusion. Three-dimensional finitedifference numerical groundwater models were simulated using the MODFLOW-family code SEAWAT. Precise and recent groundwater level and multi-depth salinity data obtained from the study site were used for model calibration; the simulated results showed good agreement with the observed data. SEAWAT was used to delineate the current seawater-freshwater interface to quantitatively estimate the coastal fresh groundwater resources. Future stress scenarios were also simulated in response to increased pumping and various changes in the recharge. The results showed that current groundwater use in the coastal aquifer did not induce seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer, but seawater intrusion will occur if the dry season continues for the next ten years. The vulnerability assessment based on the predicted groundwater levels and ion concentrations using numerical simulations suggests future vulnerability in the aquifer; therefore, continuous assessment and visualization of the aquifer sustainability is vital. Future projections by the integrated SEAWAT simulation and GALDIT assessment showed that an increase in groundwater pumping may escalate the vulnerability status of coastal groundwater resources from moderate to high in some areas of the study site, by inducing lateral seawater intrusion in deeper areas of the unconfined aquifer. Keywords Jeju Island · Numerical model · Vulnerability assessment · Saltwater intrusion · Coastal aquifer · Groundwater extraction
Introduction Coastal areas are often characterized by urbanization, population growth, and environmental degradation. These factors can lead to saltwater intrusion (SWI). Water pollution, ground subsidence, depletion of water resources, and a decline in groundwater levels due to excessive pumping * Sun Woo Chang [email protected] * Il‑Moon Chung [email protected] 1
Department of Land, Water and Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
Department of Smart City and Construction Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
2
intensify SWI into coastal groundwater, such that they are considered core hazards in water resource management. Furthermore, increased groundwater abstraction wells, land-use changes, droughts, and sea-level rise due to cl
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