W states fusion via polarization-dependent beam splitter
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W states fusion via polarization-dependent beam splitter Ke Li1 · Dongliang Zheng1 · Wangqiong Xu1 · Huibing Mao1 · Jiqing Wang1 Received: 8 December 2019 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Based on the polarization-dependent beam splitter (PDBS), we propose an optical scheme to fuse small-size polarization entangled W states into a large-scale W states. With the present scheme, two Wm+n+t−2 states can be created from an n-qubit W state, an m-qubit W state and a t-qubit W state, and two Wm+n+t+q−3 states can be generated from Wm , Wn , Wt and Wq states. In the previous fusion schemes, only one particle from each initial W state is allowed to enter the fusion mechanism, but with the progress of experimental technology, two particles can be extracted. In this case, the W states fusion of our scheme will be realized without any ancillary particles and controlled quantum gate. In addition, compared with the one target W state obtained in previous preparation schemes, our scheme can generate two large-scale W states, which effectively improve the success rate of generating target W state. The ability to generate two target W states makes our scheme have a distinct advantage in preparing W states with larger particle numbers. This preparation mechanism also can be generalized to the case of fusing more different or same particles W states. Keywords W state · Polarization-dependent beam splitter · State fusion
1 introduction As one of the most prominent features of quantum mechanics, quantum entanglement plays an important role in the field of quantum physics and quantum information processing (QIP) tasks. In particular, the multiparticle entangled state has more complex and diverse entangled structures, which has been widely applied in quantum computation [1], quantum teleportation [2–4], quantum key distribution (QKD) [5] and so on. When the number of particles is greater than two, the entangled states of multiple particles can be divided into different types, for instance the W states
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Huibing Mao [email protected] Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China 0123456789().: V,-vol
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[6], the GHZ states [7], the cluster states [8], etc. These different classes of states cannot be converted into each other with stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC) [9]. In these multiple particles entangled states, the W state possesses many particular properties, because no matter which particle is lost, the remaining particles can still form entanglement. It can keep more entanglement robust against particle loss [10]. This characteristic of the W state makes it very extensive applied in the field of quantum information [11–24]. Moreover, studies always show that the larger the number of entangled particles, the more distinct its preponderance in quantum communication. Hence, how to design an efficient scheme for generating large-scale ent
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