Wastewater Treatment and Reuse as a Tool for the Social and Environmental Improvement of Populations Within Protected En
Downsized conventional water treatment systems as used for small population wastewaters are extremely inefficient. In practice, due to high maintenance and operation costs their use is frequently discontinued in many small municipalities that cannot affor
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Wastewater Treatment and Reuse as a Tool for the Social and Environmental Improvement of Populations Within Protected Environments A. de Miguel, J.M. Sanz, I. de Bustamante Gutie´rrez, A. de Toma´s, and J.L. Goy
Abstract Downsized conventional water treatment systems as used for small population wastewaters are extremely inefficient. In practice, due to high maintenance and operation costs their use is frequently discontinued in many small municipalities that cannot afford to treat their wastewater, which is finally dumped untreated. Land application systems have been a suitable treatment system, due to their low operation and maintenance costs and their high yield. However, the most recent change in the Spanish legislation (RD 1620/2007) promotes their adaptation into the more socioeconomically beneficial water reuse systems. In this study, a techno financial analysis was used for the establishment of land application systems of water treatment and reuse in 12 municipalities located within the protected environment ‘El Rebollar’, Salamanca, Spain. Keywords Water treatment systems • Wastewater treatment • Land application systems • Spain
A. de Miguel (*) • J.M. Sanz • A. de Toma´s IMDEA Water Foundation, c/Punto Net, no4, Edificio Zye, 2a Planta, E-28805 Alcala´ de Henares, Madrid, Spain e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] I. de Bustamante Gutie´rrez Geology Department, Alcala´ University, Edificio de Ciencias, Campus externo, 28871, Alcala´ de Henares, Madrid, Spain IMDEA Water, C/ Punto Net 4, 2º piso, Edificio ZYE, 28805, Alcala´ de Henares, Madrid, Spain e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] J.L. Goy Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain e-mail: [email protected] H. Farfa´n Gonza´lez et al. (eds.), Management of Water Resources in Protected Areas, Environmental Earth Sciences, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-16330-2_2, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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2.1 2.1.1
A. de Miguel et al.
Introduction Description of the Study Area
The Protected Natural Landscape El Rebollar has a 50,040 ha surface. It is located to the SW of Salamanca province (Spain) (Fig. 2.1), in the northern slope of the Mountain range Sierra de Gata. It was included in the network of Natural Areas of Castilla y Leo´n by rule 8/1991. At the moment, it is in the course of upgrading to the Natural Park level of protection. Its surface covers 11 municipalities. The population of these municipalities is 4,050 inhabitants (INE 2009). It belongs, hydrologically, to the A´gueda river sub-basin, within the Duero river basin.
2.1.2
Land Application Treatment System
Land application system with forest mass (LAS) is a plot of land, determined by the influent to treat, where arboreal vegetation is planted and irrigated with waste water. The wastewater evaporates partially, so the remainder part is used by the tree roots and leaked through the ground. To obey the current legislation on reuse matters, it
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