Impact assessment of wastewater and planning for a treatment plant within Sulaimani City, Iraq
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Impact assessment of wastewater and planning for a treatment plant within Sulaimani City, Iraq Rezan Omer Rasheed 1 & Tavga Ahmed HamaKarim 2
Received: 24 May 2017 / Accepted: 10 November 2017 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2017
Abstract Recently, problem of wastewater of Sulaimani City emerged which is discharged directly to Tanjero River. Samples were taken from nine outlets of sewer systems for analysis. Results showed the range of temperatures 27–12°C and pH 8.36–6.77, while electrical conductivity is 1689– 720 μS/cm, total dissolved solid 1124–480 mg/l, turbidity 240–15 NTU, total hardness 413.1–129.9 mg/l, calcium 144–39.6 mg/l, magnesium 43.2–6.4 mg/l, alkalinity 570– 224.2 mg/l, nitrate 51.2–8.7 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand 116–65 mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand 79.5–66.75 mg/l, chloride 253.1–36.8 mg/l, sulfate 141.5–35.9 mg/l, Zn 0.0754–0.0053 mg/l, Cd 0.022–0.0001 mg/l, Cr 0.0421– 0.0043 mg/l, Cu 0.0707–0.0014 mg/l, Pb 0.21–0.0064 mg/l, and Fe 0.2421–0.0135 mg/l, and found that the concentrations of most parameters are high at S8, which is an industrial area. For studying the environmental effects of Tanjero River on the inhabitant surrounding, questionnaire was distributed over 31 areas and shows that the regions suffering from health and environmental problems represented about 48% of the areas have chronic diseases, 10% have diarrhea, 10% have typhoid, 10% have skin diseases, 6% have cancer, and others have more than one disease. And most of chronic diseases are diabetes and hypertension. Livestock watering affected on poultry and sheep more than cow and goat as well as extinction of fisheries in the river. Cultivation of vegetables in the areas dropped considerably due to water pollution and fade rice
* Rezan Omer Rasheed [email protected]
1
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
2
Kurdistan Standardization and Quality Control Administration of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
cultivation in the areas. Therefore, building of two wastewater treatment plants with constructing CSO structure with retention basin for stormwater coming from the mountains should be adopted, in addition to pretreatment procedure for industrial wastewater and proper on-site sanitation treatment for those that are not connected to the sewer system. Keywords Water pollution . Health effects . Wastewater treatment plant . Sulaimani City
Introduction Water is indispensable for all forms of life. It is needed in almost all human activities. Access to safe freshwater is now regarded as a universal human right (IPCC 2007). UN-Water (2015) recognized that the issues of wastewater management and water quality have cross-linkages with a range of other water and non-water issues, not least in respect of the water, energy, and food nexus. It has also been acknowledged that wastewater management clearly plays a role in achieving future water security in the world where water stress will increase. Pollution has become the ever-increasing monster that threatens our civ
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