Water Institutions: Policies, Performance and Prospects

It is being increasingly realised that water is likely to be one of the most critical resource issues for the first half of the twenty-first century. Accelerating demand for water for various uses and user groups and ineffective measures to address - ter

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Editorial Board Dogan Altinbilek (Ankara, Turkey) Chennat Gopalakrishnan (Honolulu, USA) Jan Lundqvist (Linköping, Sweden) Alexandra Pres (Berlin, Germany) Anthony Turton (Pretoria, South Africa) Olli Varis (Helsinki, Finland)

Chennat Gopalakrishnan Cecilia Tortajada Asit K. Biswas Editors

Water Institutions: Policies, Performance and Prospects with 6 Figures and 12 Tables

Professor Chennat Gopalakrishnan University of Hawaii at Manoa College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources East-West Road 1910 Sherman Lab 118 Honolulu, HI 96822-2279 USA

Dr. Cecilia Tortajada Third World Centre for Water Management Avenida Manantial Oriente 27 Los Clubes, Atizapan Estado de México 52958 Mexico

Professor Asit K. Biswas Third World Centre for Water Management Avenida Manantial Oriente 27 Los Clubes, Atizapan Estado de México 52958 Mexico Email: [email protected]

Cover photo: © Haroldo Palo, Jr. Library of Congress Control Number: 2004115724 ISSN 1614-810X ISBN 3-540-23811-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media Springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Camera ready by authors Cover design: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg Production: Almas Schimmel Printing: Mercedes Druck, Berlin Binding: Stein + Lehmann, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 30/3141/as 5 4 3 2 1 0

Preface It is being increasingly realised that water is likely to be one of the most critical resource issues for the first half of the twenty-first century. Accelerating demand for water for various uses and user groups and ineffective measures to address water quality decline from point and non-point sources of pollution, have made water management more complex and difficult than ever before in human history. All the current trends indicate that water management will become even more complex in the future because of society’s higher demands for good quality water, and new and emerging impacts on the water sector due to the forces of globalisation. These include the liberalisation of trade in agricultural and manufactured products, information and communication revolution, and technological developments in areas tradit