Low Fertility, Institutions, and their Policies Variations Across In
This volume examines ten economically advanced countries in Europe and Asia that have experienced different levels of fertility decline. It offers readers a cross-country perspective on the causes and consequences of low birth rates and the different poli
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Low Fertility, Institutions, and their Policies Variations Across Industrialized Countries
Low Fertility, Institutions, and their Policies
Ronald R. Rindfuss Minja Kim Choe •
Editors
Low Fertility, Institutions, and their Policies Variations Across Industrialized Countries
123
Editors Ronald R. Rindfuss Department of Sociology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC USA
Minja Kim Choe East-West Center Honolulu, HI USA
and East-West Center Honolulu, HI USA
ISBN 978-3-319-32995-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32997-0
ISBN 978-3-319-32997-0
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016936655 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Foreword
Over the past half century, countries in many parts of the world have experienced rapid economic growth along with far-reaching changes in social and political conditions. In many countries, these developments have been accompanied by fertility declines to very low levels. In 2013, the average total fertility rate (TFR) was 1.8 children per woman in North America, 1.5 in East Asia, and 1.6 in Europe. Within the general trend toward lower fertility, the pace and extent of fertility decline have been widely diverse, resulting in very different effects on population age structure and population growth, as well as important implications for institutions and policies. As a result, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review of fertility levels and trends across low-fertility countries. Early in 2013, the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA) and the East-West Center agreed to collaborate on a project to improve understanding of the patterns and causes of fertility decline in various social, economic, cultural, and political settings and to consider the associated policy implications. The project i
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