Water Molds of the Order Saprolegniales (Oomycota) in Association with Fish and Sponge Species from Lake Baikal
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Water Molds of the Order Saprolegniales (Oomycota) in Association with Fish and Sponge Species from Lake Baikal E. V. Dzyubaa, I. G. Kondratova, *, O. O. Maikovaa, I. A. Nebesnykha, I. V. Khanaeva, and N. N. Denikinaa aInstitute
of Limnology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 9, 2018; revised August 16, 2018; accepted September 5, 2018
Abstract—The first molecular identification and comparison of the spectrum of representatives of the order Saprolegniales (Oomycota) in sponges and on the outer skin of fishes under native conditions of Lake Baikal and under the conditions of aquarium exhibits were conducted. A similar spectrum of water molds in fish and sponges in aquarium exhibits and the presence in sponges in Lake Baikal of a species close to Leptolegnia chapmanii, which is parasite in insect larvae, were found. The results of detection of representatives of the order Saprolegniales and the factors influencing the frequency of their occurrence in samples of sponges from Lake Baikal are examined. DOI: 10.1134/S1062359020040056
INTRODUCTION Endemic freshwater sponges (Lubomirskiidae family) in Lake Baikal dominate in biomass among benthic organisms in the photic zone of the littoral zone and form the basis of a complex symbiotic community (Pile et al., 1997). Among sponge endosymbionts, unicellular algae, yeast, and bacteria have been identified (Parfenova et al., 2008; Kalyuzhnaya et al., 2012; Gladkikh et al., 2014; Kulakova et al., 2014; etc.). At present, various types of diseases of sponges, as well as death, are occurring in many areas of the lake (Grachev et al., 2015; Khanaev et al., 2018). The results of comparative analysis of the metagenomes of healthy and diseased sponges Lubomirskia baicalensis (Pallas, 1771) showed the elimination of narrow specialists, the singular domination of individual phylotypes of heterotrophic microorganisms, and an imbalance of their metabolic relationships in diseased sponges (Denikina et al., 2016). With prolonged maintenance of sponges in an aquarium environment with flowing water supply systems, metabolic disturbances and a decrease in the vitality of the symbiotic community also lead to their death (Glyzina et al., 2010). Representatives of order Saprolegniales are considered saprotrophs; however, some species of the genera Saprolegnia and Achlya are fish parasites (van West, 2006; Phillips et al., 2008; etc.) and crustaceans (Wolinska et al., 2008). In associations with the freshwater green sponge Ephydatia muelleri (Lieberkühn, 1855) from the oligomesotrophic Lake Hańcza, the following genera of the order Saprolegniales have been discovered: Achlya, Dictyuchus, Saprolegnia, and Sco-
liolegnia (Czeczuga et al., 2015) There are no data on associated representatives of the order Saprolegniales with endemic Baikal sponges. The objective of this study was to compare the spectrum of representatives of the order Saprolegniales in sponges and on the outer coverings of fish in the native condi
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