Water quality assessment of groundwater in selected potable water sources for household use in Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeri
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Water quality assessment of groundwater in selected potable water sources for household use in Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria J. F. Oyelakin1 · S. M. Ahmad2 · O. O. Aiyelokun1 · A. O. Odetoyinbo1 · B. O. Layi‑Adigun3 Received: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Water remains an important resource to human life; its quality is as essential as its quantity, because it is very important for human health. Unfortunately, government’s inability to provide adequate and potable water to citizens in Nigeria has made individuals to seek for alternative means of providing water for themselves through self-supply systems. This study assessed the water quality parameters of boreholes in selected areas of Ibadan. The secondary data of water quality parameters from 44 boreholes were collected from the Oyo State Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency. The parameters were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean values of the parameters were compared to the World Health Organization standards for drinking water and Principal Component Analysis was used to describe possible sources of contamination in the wells. Spearman’s correlation was also used to assess the relationship between the different parameters. The descriptive statistics revealed that most of the water samples are slightly acidic and few water samples have lead and iron contamination. The bacteriological analysis revealed that some of the water samples had total coliform and Escherichia coli above the 0 MPN/100 mg/l stipulated by World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality standards. The Principal Component Analysis revealed urban runoff, contamination from septic tank and hardness as the likely sources of contamination. This study concludes that water from the study area should be treated before consumption to prevent waterrelated diseases. Keywords Boreholes · Ibadan · Potable water · Principal component analysis · Water quality · Water-related diseases
Introduction Water is a ubiquitous and most abundant resource on earth whose usage and importance cannot be overemphasized. Water is essential for the survival of all living things and it is an active solvent in various processes involved in the transformation of non-living things in the environment. Water is very essential to plants, animals and human life. For human activities, water is demanded for domestic, industrial, agricultural and recreational purposes. The very high * J. F. Oyelakin [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
2
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
3
Department of Water Resources Management and Agricultural Meteorology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
vulnerability of surface water to pollution from a wide range of sources and the inadequate provision of conventional water treatment by the government in developing c
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