Water Resources in Coastal Aquifers of Algeria Face Climate Variability: Case of Alluvial Aquifer of Mitidja in Algeria
Algeria is considered as a vulnerable country in the world regarding its water resource availability, especially in front of the changing climate conditions. Because the availability of water resources contributes strongly to the socioeconomic development
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Contents 1 2 3 4 5
Introduction Impact of Climate Variability on the Hydrological Parameters in Algeria The Vulnerability of the Agricultural Sector to Climate Variability Impact of Climate Variability on Water Resources in Coastal Aquifers Study Area of Mitidja Plain 5.1 Geographic and Climatic Situation 5.2 Geology and Hydrogeology Context 5.3 Methodology 5.4 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion 7 Recommendations References
Abstract Algeria is considered as a vulnerable country in the world regarding its water resource availability, especially in front of the changing climate conditions. Because the availability of water resources contributes strongly to the socioeconomic development of the country, the water supply is the main task challenge of the public institutions under the severe natural conditions of climate variability represented by the decrease of rainfall with the increase of evaporation and also the different anthropogenic pollutions. Our study area concerned the alluvial aquifer of Mitidja plain. In the later decades, the trend of rainfall was decreased at about 20%, with important annual irregularity in time, which had a negative impact on the groundwater resources of the alluvial aquifer.
A. Bouderbala (*) and N. Hadj Mohamed Department of Earth Sciences, University of Khemis Miliana, Khemis Miliana, Algeria e-mail: [email protected] Abdelazim Negm, Abdelkader Bouderbala, Haroun Chenchouni, and Damia Barcelo (eds.), Water Resources in Algeria - Part I: Assessment of Surface and Groundwater Resources, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_529, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
A. Bouderbala and N. Hadj Mohamed
The analysis of piezometric map shows a drawdown level of groundwater from 1974 to 2010 with a decrease in water levels more than 10 m in average, and in the coastal sector, the wells have high salinity due to seawater intrusion after an overexploitation of groundwater in the catchment field, which induced a reverse flow of groundwater from the sea toward the aquifer. The analysis of physicochemical parameters of groundwater shows high concentrations of nitrate for the major part of the plain; they are moderately higher than the standard value (50 mg/l). It is due to the anthropic activities in Mitidja plain such as the agricultural origin, primarily linked to the intensive and abusive uses of fertilizers. We can also report urban pollution in this plain; it comes from the discharge sewerage networks without treatment. Keywords Anthropogenic pollution, Climate variability, Coastal aquifers of Algeria, Water Quality Index, Water resources, Seawater intrusion
1 Introduction Algeria is Africa’s second most water scarce country, after Libya; it is in the category of the poorest countries in terms of hydric potentiality. It is in the theoretical limit of drinking water recommended fixed by WHO of 400 m3 per inhabitant and per year, but the water supply still has continued to decrease since the 1980s, which may decrease lower than the international standards [1]. The Government recognizes
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