Overview of Water Resources in Steppe Regions in Algeria
The water supply actions have been influenced by climate change effects. In the last 2 years, the surface runoff was reduced, and this caused a diminution of water levels in dams and water table. Under bad scenarios and difficult meteorological conditions
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Population Projection 3 Water Daily Need 4 Water Production and Cost 5 Methodology 6 Simulation of Water Demand 7 Conclusion and Recommendations References
Abstract The water supply actions have been influenced by climate change effects. In the last 2 years, the surface runoff was reduced, and this caused a diminution of water levels in dams and water table. Under bad scenarios and difficult meteorological conditions, the authority must move rapidly to solve the problem of water shortage in the short, medium, and long range to avoid a probable water crisis in the future years. In steppe regions, the population water supply system was articulated essentially to the groundwater. In this chapter, we illustrate the actual situation of water supply program of some province of the steppe in Algeria to simulate the situation of water supply capacity in the next 10 years. Simulation of water demand is realized by two bad scenarios. Keywords Climate change, Scenarios, Water shortage, Water supply
S. E. Ali Rahmani (*) and B. Chibane Geo-Environment Laboratory, FSTGAT, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, Algeria e-mail: [email protected] A. Bouderbala Department of Earth Sciences, University of Djilali Bounaama, Khemis Miliana, Algeria Abdelazim Negm, Abdelkader Bouderbala, Haroun Chenchouni, and Damia Barcelo (eds.), Water Resources in Algeria: Part II: Water Quality, Treatment, Protection and Development, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_536, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
S. E. Ali Rahmani et al.
1 Introduction Water resources management is the magic key of the national water resources planning and strategy. As a results of social and environmental pressures, the overexploitation of groundwater as a result of population growth, industrial and agricultural emergent activities makes the planning efficiency more complicated [1– 4]. In the field two questions appear in our mind: (1) what are our water resources potentialities?; (2) What are the procedures to avoid the rapid depletion of these resources? The answer to these two questions depends not only on the actual and the available statistics on water resources but also on the actual and future climate situation, population growth rate, and the frequency of water availability [4]. Climate change has influenced the atmospheric circulation, which makes big changes in the hydrological cycle. If the direct effects of these changes can be identified, the solutions and the management strategy can be easily established for the local and regional watershed scales [5]. Studies of climate variability and change have been of interest to the global community following several large-scale climatic events. Among these, we note the drought that has affected the two tropical bands of our planet since the 1970s [4]. In addition to this drought, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) findings on global warming of more than 0.7 C since the beginning of the last century and the recent El Niño phenomena [6
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