Waves in Diagonally-Oriented EBG Waveguides in Electromagnetic Crystals with a Square Lattice
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TRODYNAMICS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
Waves in Diagonally-Oriented EBG Waveguides in Electromagnetic Crystals with a Square Lattice S. E. Bankova, *, V. I. Kalinicheva, and E. V. Frolovaa aInstitute
of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125009 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 14, 2020; revised January 14, 2020; accepted January 29, 2020
Abstract—EBG waveguides in an electromagnetic crystal are studied in the form of a two-dimensionally periodic array of metal cylinders located between conducting screens. The dispersion characteristics of waveguides formed by removing one, two, and three rows of cylinders along the diagonal of a square crystal lattice are obtained. As a result of analyzing the frequency dispersion of the fundamental waveguide modes and eigenmodes of a homogeneous crystal, the factors limiting the operating frequency bands of the waveguides are determined and the lattice parameters optimal from the aspect of the band properties are obtained. The characteristics of waveguides oriented along the diagonal of the crystal lattice are compared with similar characteristics of waveguides formed along the principal axes in crystals with a square lattice. DOI: 10.1134/S1064226920090016
INTRODUCTION Currently much attention is devoted to metamaterials in the form of periodic structures: meta- or artificial crystals, characterized by an ordered arrangement of particles (elements) at lattice sites. Among metacrystals, PBG (photonic bandgap) structures, or photonic crystals, are most widely used in the optical range [1, 2], and EBG (electromagnetic bandgap) structures, also called electromagnetic crystals (EMC), in the microwave and microwave ranges [3, 4]. One type of two-dimensional EMC is periodic structures between two metal screens forming a plane waveguide. By creating defects in crystals by removing certain elements from the lattice, it is possible to form waveguide channels and, on their basis, achieve a wide range of functional elements and devices, such as waveguide joints, waveguide bends, power dividers, etc. [3–11]. The frequency properties of such waveguide devices depend on the type of EMC and its elements, the type of space lattice that forms the nodes of the crystal lattice, the number of rows of removed elements, and the lattice parameters. In the microwave range, planar waveguides in the form of metallized dielectric substrates with relatively high permittivity are widely used to create EBG crystals [5–9]. The lattice elements are metallized or nonmetallized holes in the substrate. The most suitable for manufacturing such structures, as well as exciting integrated microstrip lines, is printing technology. In the microwave range, metal cylinders and rods are usually used as EMC elements [4, 10–12] and
waveguide channels are excited by standard metal waveguides [10, 11]. To achieve EMC-based waveguide devices, mainly lattices with square [5, 10–12] and triangular [6–8] spatial lattices are used, as well as combinations of them in a single device
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