Waves in EBG Waveguides Oriented along the Principal Optical Axes of an Electromagnetic Crystal
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TRODYNAMICS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
Waves in EBG Waveguides Oriented along the Principal Optical Axes of an Electromagnetic Crystal S. E. Bankova, *, V. I. Kalinicheva, and E. V. Frolovaa aKotelnikov
Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125009 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received August 22, 2019; revised August 22, 2019; accepted September 10, 2019
Abstract—The eigenwaves of waveguides in electromagnetic crystals with a square grating are studied. A crystal consists of metal cylinders placed between two parallel screens. The waveguides are oriented along the principal optical axes of the crystal. The investigated single-, two-, and three-row waveguides are formed by removing one-, two-, and three-cylinder rows from a crystal, respectively. The electrodynamic modeling in the HFSS system in the eigenwave mode is performed. The dependences of eigenwave propagation constants on the frequency and structural parameters are obtained. The minimum and maximum bandwidth frequencies and the bandwidths for all the waveguides are determined and their optimal parameters are recommended. DOI: 10.1134/S106422692008001X
1. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM Electromagnetic crystals (EMCs) attract attention of researchers and designers of microwave devices as media for creation of various microwave and millimeter-wave waveguide devices. There exist different types of EMCs [1], among which it is necessary to distinguish the crystals formed by gratings of metal cylinders placed inside a planar waveguide (PWG) formed by two parallel conducting screens. Such structures have a wide range of functionality. They can be manufactured using microwave printed circuit technology. In this case, the cylinders are made in the form of plated holes in the printed circuit board [2]. The possibility of using the printed technology seems very attractive, since it ensures a relatively low cost and high manufacturability of developed devices. At present, devices in the form of a system of plated holes in a printed circuit board are widely used in microwave and millimeter-wave engineering. They can be divided into two classes: with arbitrary and regular arrangement of cylinders. This corresponds to two waveguide classes. The type-one waveguides are called substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) [3] and typetwo waveguides are electromagnetic-bandgap (EBG) waveguides [4]. Despite the structural similarity, they are essentially different. SIWs are most similar to classical metal waveguides in their functioning principle. Metal cylinders located at a fairly small distance from each other form a structure with parameters similar to those of a continuous metal wall. In SIW circuits, these walls form areas that perform the functions of microwave devices of different types and functionalities. In EBG waveguides and EBG circuits, in general, cylinders are located in the nodes of EMC grating.
Waveguide channels and functional areas are formed by inserting defects into the crystal lattice. The most wide-spread and simples
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