Weak-base pretreatment to increase biomethane production from wheat straw
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Weak-base pretreatment to increase biomethane production from wheat straw Yuanfang Deng 1,2 & Yaojing Qiu 3 & Yiqing Yao 1,4 & Michael Ayiania 3 & Maryam Davaritouchaee 5 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 26 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Weak-base pretreatment of wheat straw was investigated for its ability to improve biomethane production. Anaerobic digestion (AD) was performed on wheat straw pretreated with 3%, 5%, or 7% Na2CO3 as a weak base. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra demonstrated disruption of lignocellulosic structures by pretreatment. In the 5% Na2CO3 treatment group, cellulose and hemicellulose were retained effectively, with efficient removal of lignin. The removal rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were 27.9%, 20.4%, and 31.0%, respectively, after 5% Na2CO3 pretreatment. The methane content (53.3–77.3%) was improved in the 5% Na2CO3 treatment group, with maximum methane production (307.9 L/kg VS) that was 41.6% higher than that of the untreated sample. Cellulose and hemicelluloses were degraded 59.3% and 56.3% after AD. It took 20 days to reach 80% of the maximum cumulative methane production for the 5% Na2CO3 pretreatment group, which was 4 days faster than the untreated group. These results indicate that 5% Na2CO3 pretreatment improve the lignocellulose structure of wheat straw, allowing better biodegradability of wheat straw in AD for increased biogas production, enhanced methane content, and decreased digestion time. Keywords Anaerobic digestion . Lignocellulosic biomass . Sodium carbonate . Biogas . Pretreatment technology . Structural analysis
Introduction
Yuanfang Deng and Yaojing Qiu contributed equally to this work. Responsible Editor: Ta Yeong Wu * Yiqing Yao [email protected] 1
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
2
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, China
3
Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
4
Northwest Research Center of Rural Renewable Energy, Exploitation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
5
The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
China is one of the world’s biggest producers of agricultural commodities. The effective use of agricultural wastes is essential from economic and sustainability perspectives, as transformation of these waste materials can help meet growing energy demands. Rice, wheat, and corn constitute 79.5% of crop wastes, but these materials can be used for secondary energy conversion (Peidong et al. 2009). Every year, about 850 million tons of wheat straw biomass is produced worldwide (Zhu et al. 2015), so better ways to utilize t
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