Current status of biomethane production using aqueous liquid from pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage slud
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REVIEW PAPER
Current status of biomethane production using aqueous liquid from pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge and similar biomass Saba Seyedi
. Kaushik Venkiteshwaran
. Daniel Zitomer
Received: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) are potential technologies for renewable energy production and waste valorization using municipal wastewater sewage sludge and other lignocellulosic biomass. However, the organic-rich aqueous pyrolysis liquid (APL) and HTL aqueous phase (HTL-AP) produced currently have no apparent use and are challenging to manage. Furthermore, the toxic organic compounds in them can be harmful to the environment. Anaerobic digestion (AD) may be a viable method to manage the liquids and recover energy in APL and HTL-AP in form of methane-rich biogas. Integrating thermochemical processes with AD could promote a circular economy by recovering resources and reducing environmental pollution. The challenge, however, is the presence of toxic compounds recalcitrant to anaerobic biodegradation such as phenols and nitrogen-containing organics that can inhibit methaneproducing microbes. This review presents information
on APL and HTL-AP characterization and biodegradability. Feedstock composition and process operational parameters are major factors affecting APL and HTL-AP composition, subsequent toxicity, and degradability. Feedstocks with high nitrogen content as well as increased thermochemical processing temperature and retention time result in a more toxic aqueous liquid and lower methane yield. Dilution and low AD organic loading are required to produce methane. More comprehensive APL and HTL-AP chemical characterization is needed to adopt suitable treatment strategies. Pretreatments such as overliming, air stripping, partial chemical oxidation, adsorption, and solvent extraction of toxic constituents as well as co-digestion and microbial acclimatization successfully reduce toxicity and increase methane yield.
S. Seyedi K. Venkiteshwaran D. Zitomer (&) Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, USA e-mail: [email protected] S. Seyedi e-mail: [email protected] K. Venkiteshwaran e-mail: [email protected]
123
Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol
Graphic abstract
Keywords Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic toxicity Biosolids Energy recovery Microbial community APL and HTL-AP
1 Introduction The global interest in an alternative form of energy to fossil fuel that is renewable, sustainable, and poses minimal detrimental environmental consequences has risen in the last decades (Acharya et al. 2015; Li and Feng 2018). Organic material such as lignocellulosic biomass in agricultural residues is one type of feedstock for energy production (Monlau et al. 2015). Alternatively, sewage sludge or solids from water resource recovery facilities
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