Wear Characteristics of Ni-Based Hardfacing Alloy Deposited on Stainless Steel Substrate by Laser Cladding
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INTRODUCTION
WEAR and corrosion are the most frequently encountered surface-initiated failure mechanisms for components working under aggressive conditions. Since these failures always initiate at the surface, therefore, it is economical and effective to modify the surface of the components without affecting the bulk, using suitable surface modification methods. Laser cladding is an advance surface modification technology, which has the capability of applying advanced coating materials with low dilution and rapidly solidified microstructure. Laser cladding technique has the advantage of depositing a controlled thickness of the clad material on a selected area of the substrate. Various studies have shown superior characteristics of the hardfacing alloys deposited by laser cladding as compared to other conventional surfacing techniques.[1–4] Cobalt and nickel-based Tribaloys, a family of intermetallic alloys, have been developed as wear and corrosion-resistant material over a wide range of temperatures and environments.[5] Tribaloy series of alloys are characterized by the presence of a large volume fraction of a hard intermetallic Laves phase REENA AWASTHI, SANTOSH KUMAR, and DINESH SRIVASTAVA, Scientific Officers, RAM P. KUSHWAHA, Technical Officer, and G.K. DEY, Head, are with the Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India. Contact email: [email protected] P.K. LIMAYE, N.L. SONI, and R.J. PATEL, Scientific Officers, are with the Refueling Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. C.S. VISWANADHAM, Scientific Officer, is with the Nuclear Controls and Planning Division, Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai, India. Manuscript submitted May 13, 2014. Article published online January 7, 2015 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
in a much softer solid solution or a eutectic phase mixture.[6–10] Laves phase strengthened alloys are not only very hard but also rather brittle; therefore, these alloys are most commonly applied as a coating.[11,12] The high cost, scarcity, and non-suitability of Co-based alloys in nuclear industries due to induced activity led to the development of nickel and iron-based alloys to replace cobalt-based hardfacing alloys.[13,14] A nickelbased alloy Ni-32 wt pctMo-15 wt pctCr-3 wt pctSi (Tribaloy T-700) exhibited better wear performance than several stainless steels and other nickel-based counterparts.[15,16] These alloys have been described as an alternative to the cobalt-based Tribaloy for nuclear applications involving wear, corrosion, and high temperature oxidation.[17,18] Wear behavior of the welded, laser clad, or thermally sprayed Co-based (Co-Mo-CrSi) tribaloy series of alloys[19–22] has been studied extensively. However, the literatures on wear behavior of the laser-deposited Ni-based (Ni-Mo-Cr-Si) tribaloy series of alloy are limited.[16] Kumar et al.[16] have reported the wear behavior of the laser-deposited Nibased clad layer on mild steel substrate as compared to that of stellite-6 layer against 600 grit sized SiC abrasive paper, using pin on disk metho
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