What Type of Entrepreneurship Leads to Sustainable Development? A Configurational Approach
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What Type of Entrepreneurship Leads to Sustainable Development? A Configurational Approach Alicia Mas‑Tur1 · Maria Guijarro2 · Agustín Carrilero2 Accepted: 18 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Entrepreneurs are urged to play a proactive role in the transition from the current economic paradigm to a sustainable economic model. This study aims to identify the characteristics of entrepreneurs that enhance sustainable development. The characteristics considered in this study are entrepreneurs’ perceived opportunities, perceived capabilities, motivation and high job creation expectation, conceptualised in accordance with the Global Entre‑ preneurship Monitor (GEM) definitions. Sustainable development is defined as per the Global Innovation Index (GII). The analysis was conducted using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and considered companies in the countries included in the Global Inno‑ vation Index and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The results of this analysis may therefore be presented by country, thereby showing which countries promote sustainable development and what formulas companies in these countries adopt to achieve this form of development. Keywords Sustainable development · Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) · Global innovation index (GII) · Global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM)
1 Introduction In recent years, there has been a huge increase in society’s awareness of the potentially disastrous consequences that environmental problems could have for humankind and future generations (Bennett 2019; Briassoulis 2017; Gupta and Vegelin 2016). Therefore, the business community is urged to play a proactive role in tackling environmental prob‑ lems (Palazzi and Starcher 1997; Dean and McMullen 2007; Sachs et al. 2019). Given this
* Alicia Mas‑Tur [email protected] Maria Guijarro [email protected] Agustín Carrilero [email protected] 1
Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
2
ESIC Business & Marketing School, Valencia, Spain
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imperative for companies and entrepreneurs, a new concept known as sustainable entrepreneurship has emerged. In terms of business practices, sustainable entrepreneurship may be considered something of a novel concept (Cohen and Winn 2007; Richomme-Huet and Freyman 2011) that requires further study to supplement the scant research conducted on this topic thus far (Shepherd and Patzelt 2011; Nowduri 2012; Majid et al. 2017). Concern and interest in sustainable development dates back to research by the Club of Rome (1972), which pondered the need to halt the constant growth of developed countries and to search for an alternative model compatible with the reality of resource limitations. In 1975, ongoing growth over an indefinite period was deemed unviable given the finite nature of resources (Mora and Martínez 2018). Sustainable entrepreneurship is a subarea of entrepreneurship (Majid et al. 2017). It is seen as a new business practice that stems from growing awareness of the need for sus‑ tainable bu
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