Word Sense Disambiguation Algorithms and Applications

This is the first book to cover the entire topic of word sense disambiguation (WSD) including: all the major algorithms, techniques, performance measures, results, philosophical issues, and applications. Leading researchers in the field have contributed c

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Text, Speech and Language Technology VOLUME 33

Series Editors Nancy Ide, Vassar College, New York Jean Véronis, Université de Provence and CNRS, France Editorial Board Harald Baayen, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, The Netherlands Kenneth W. Church, AT & T Bell Labs, New Jersey, USA Judith Klavans, Columbia University, New York, USA David T. Barnard, University of Regina, Canada Dan Tufis, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Romania Joaquim Llisterri, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain Stig Johansson, University of Oslo, Norway Joseph Mariani, LIMSI-CNRS, France

The titles published in this series are listed on www.springer.com.

Eneko Agirre



Philip Edmonds

Editors

Word Sense Disambiguation Algorithms and Applications

Eneko Agirre University of the Basque Country Basque Country Spain

ISBN 978-1-4020-4808-4

Philip Edmonds Sharp Laboratories of Europe Oxford U.K.

e-ISBN 978-1-4020-4809-2

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007938211 © 2007 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

Contents

Contributors ............................................................................................xiii Foreword ................................................................................................xvii Preface .....................................................................................................xxi 1 Introduction............................................................................................ 1 Eneko Agirre and Philip Edmonds 1.1 Word Sense Disambiguation ............................................................ 1 1.2 A Brief History of WSD Research ................................................... 4 1.3 What is a Word Sense? ..................................................................... 8 1.4 Applications of WSD...................................................................... 10 1.5 Basic Approaches to WSD ............................................................. 12 1.6 State-of-the-Art Performance ......................................................... 14 1.7 Promising Directions ...................................................................... 15 1.8 Overview of this Book.................................................................... 19 1.9 Further Reading .............................................................................. 21 References ............................................................................................ 22 2 Word Senses ......................................................................................... 29 Adam Kilgarriff 2.1 Introduction ...............

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