Xenobiotic thiencarbazone-methyl biotransformation investigation by bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Xenobiotic thiencarbazone‑methyl biotransformation investigation by bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes K. S. Ahmad1 · N. Hafeez1 · M. M. Gul1 · D. Ali2 · A. Shaheen3 · B. Aslam4 Received: 9 August 2020 / Revised: 3 September 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Xenobiotic thiencarbazone-methyl is a herbicide applied on various grasses and weeds. This triazolinone pesticide may be present in soil and water after application posing deleterious effects on environment and human health. The degradation of thiencarbazone-methyl was scrutinized by the pure bacterial strains including Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), Escherichia coli (EC) and Streptococcus pyogenes (SPy). Individual bacterial suspension was prepared with herbicide solution and evaluated for a duration of 28 days. Time-dependent sampling was performed to investigate thiencarbazone-methyl degradation after specific days interval. Biotransformed samples were extracted and analyzed by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and GC–MS. Biodegradation percentage achieved by SP, Spy and EC, after 28 days, was 31, 40 and 65, respectively. E. coli (R2= 0.91) displayed greatest potential among all the strains to degrade the herbicide. Significant residues formed included methyl 4-isocyanatosulfonyl-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate, 4-methanesulfonyl-benzenesulfonic acid amide and methyl 3-sulfamoylthiophene-2carboxylate. Current research elucidated the effectiveness of using bacterial strains for the bioremediation of pesticides in environment. Keywords Bacteria · Herbicide · Biodegradation · Pesticide · Microbe
Introduction Thiencarbazone-methyl (methyl 4-[(4,5-dihydro3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-tr iazol-1-yl) carboxamidosulfonyl]-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate) (TCM) is a moderately recent herbicide applied on crops (Stephenson and Bond 2012). A potential use of this herbicide is controlling the perennial grasses such as Sorghum halepense and Elymus repens and weeds such as Polygonum Editorial responsibility: Shahid Hussain. * K. S. Ahmad [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
2
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
4
School of Business, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
convolvulus, Cirsium arvense and Convolvulus arvensis (Santel 2012). It was first registered in 2009 and can act as both post, in rice and grains and pre/post, in corn (Leonie et al. 2014). The maximum application rate of TCM is 45 g ai h (Wendt et al. 2017a). It is among the pesticides with low application dose rate per hectare and displays high efficiency with low active ingredients. It belongs to sulfonylamino-carbonyl-triazolinone class of pesticides that exhibit instant and cross-spectrum control of mono- and dicotyledonous weeds (Wendt
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