Yttrium Sesquioxide Ceramics Glow Under Irradiation with an Electron Beam
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OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY YTTRIUM SESQUIOXIDE CERAMICS GLOW UNDER IRRADIATION WITH AN ELECTRON BEAM E. Kh. Baksht,1 M. V. Erofeev,1 V. F. Tarasenko,1 M. I. Solomonov,2 and V. A. Shitov2
UDC 535.376; 537.527
When various materials are used as radiators for Cherenkov detectors registering electron fluxes with energies of tens to hundreds of keV, cathodoluminescence negatively affects the useful signal. Therefore, in the process of creating Cherenkov detectors, the search for materials with a low level of the cathodoluminescence is important. In this paper, the spectral and amplitude-time characteristics of the yttrium sesquioxide ceramics glow under irradiation with an electron beam with electron energy up to ~ 350 keV are experimentally studied. The experimental spectrum of the ceramics glow is compared with the calculated spectrum of Cherenkov radiation. It is shown that the main part of the ceramics radiation energy belongs to Cherenkov radiation, and the cathodoluminescence level is low. The conclusion on the suitability of yttrium sesquioxide ceramics as a material for radiators of Cherenkov detectors is made. Keywords: Cherenkov radiation, pulsed cathodoluminescence, electron beam, yttrium sesquioxide, Cherenkov detector.
INTRODUCTION In modern science and technology, an important role is played by measurements of ionizing radiation. Among various types of ionizing radiation detectors, the Cherenkov detectors can be distinguished whose operation is based on the Vavilov–Cherenkov effect. These detectors possess a number of unique properties the most important of which are the threshold (by energy) character of particle registration, selectivity relative to the direction of propagation of the radiation flux, and high time resolution [1]. Because of these properties of the Cherenkov detectors, they are widely used in high energy physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics [2, 3]. Over the last few years, these detectors have also been used to determine the parameters of runaway electron fluxes in tokamaks [4–7]. The design of pulsed Cherenkov radiation detectors used for measurements in tokamaks does not practically differ from scintillation detectors. They consist of a radiator (the medium in which the Cherenkov radiation arises), a photoelectron multiplier tube (PMT), and an optical system transmitting radiation from the radiator to the PMT. To estimate the energy distribution of runaway electrons, assemblies of several detectors are used the radiators of which are covered by metal filters of different thicknesses [4–7]. Depending on the conditions in which the detectors are used, different requirements are imposed on the radiators of the Cherenkov detectors. However, there are common requirements to the radiator material [3], like high
1
Institute of High Current Electronics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; 2Institute of Electrophysicists of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ye
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