Electrical effects in polymers and composite materials under electron beam irradiation
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Reviews Electrical effects in polymers and composite materials under electron beam irradiation* D. N. Sadovnichii,a A. P. Tyutnev,b and Yu. M. Milekhina аFederal
Center for Dual-use Technologies "Soyuz", 42 ul. Akad. Zhukova, 140090 Dzerzhinsky, Moscow Region, Russian Federation. E-mail: [email protected] bNational Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 ul. Myasnitskaya, 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation The modern state of experimental and theoretical studies of the radiation-induced conductivity and charging of polymeric dielectrics under the action of electron beams is considered. The effect of the molecular mobility on the transport of excess charge carriers is discussed. Key words: polymers, composites, charge carrier transport, radiation effects.
The use of the modern experimental methods makes it possible to monitor the destiny of organic radicals and excited states.1 However, kinetic features of changing the concentration of electrons (electron is one of the major products formed in polymeric composites under the ionization irradiation) and, in particular, an electron beam are very restricted. The application of optical methods along with resonance methods turned out to be poorly appropriate for studying the dynamics of electrons in polymeric dielectrics. The method of measuring current during and after irradiation (pulse radiolysis with electrical detection)2 is used rather rarely. Unlike gases, liquids, and crystals, in polymeric dielectrics the use of traditional * Based on the materials of the XXI Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry (September 9—13, 2019, St. Petersburg, Russia).
methods of studying the mobility of electrons formed under ionization irradiation turned out to be difficult.3 The measurement of currents using electrical detection requires a fairly complicated procedure of the subsequent processing for the determination of the concentration of electrons involved in the electric charge transfer. In the domestic literature, the change in the electric conductivity of the material during the process or after the end of the ionization irradiation is conventionally named radiation-induced conductivity (RIC). The method of experimental study of the RIC makes it possible to perform rather simple primary processing of experimental data in the range of durations of effect of fast electron beams from several ns to hundreds seconds, detect the kinetics of current decay after the end of irradiation, and study the voltampere characteristics of the RIC and the temperature effect on the RIC.
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1607—1613, September, 2020. 1066-5285/20/6909-1607 © 2020 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
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Russ. Chem. Bull., Int. Ed., Vol. 69, No. 9, September, 2020
Experimental study of radiation-induced conductivity The main experimental material devoted to the study of the RIC of the polymers is presented in a number of books and reviews4—7 and generalized in Table 1. Radiation-induced
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