Zhoukoudian, Archaeology of
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Zbyszewski, Georges Silve´rio M. D. Figueiredo1 and Fernando A. Coimbra2 1 Instituto Polite´cnico de Tomar, Tomar, Portugal 2 Quaternary & Prehistory Group, Centre for Geosciences, Coimbra, Portugal
and making important discoveries regarding paleontology, geology, and archaeology, publishing several scientific articles regarding these disciplines. He also contributed to the elaboration of geological charts, working in Servic¸os Geolo´gicos de Portugal till 1979, when he retired.
Major Accomplishments Basic Biographical Information Georges Zbyszewski (1909–1999) (Fig. 1) was a Portuguese geologist, paleontologist, and archaeologist of Russian origin. During World War II, he went with his family to live in Paris, where he studied geology, graduating from the Sorbonne University. In 1935 he moved to Portugal, advised by Jacques Boucart, from whom he was an assistant, in order to study the Quaternary lands from the Portuguese coast, aiming to elaborate his Ph.D. dissertation. The aim of Zbyszewski’s studies was to compare the Portuguese Quaternary formations with those from the north of Morocco, which had been studied before by Jacques Boucart. George Zbyszewski worked then with the Portuguese geographer Anto´nio de Medeiros Gouveia, who was preparing his Ph.D. dissertation about the Algarve region. Zbyszewski finally established in Portugal in 1940, invited by Anto´nio Viana, Chief of Servic¸os Geolo´gicos de Portugal (Geological Services of Portugal) to work in that institution. He crossed the country, elaborating studies
Georges Zbyszewski was a great contributor to the advancement of Portuguese geology, paleontology, and archaeology. In terms of his scientific achievements, Georges Zbyszewski was the author of 281 publications, 54 of which were about paleontology. He published 105 studies on the Portuguese Quaternary (research about prehistoric fauna and lithic industries), covering the entire Portuguese territory. Concerning geology, he published 96 works and also 26 articles about other several subjects. He was the author or coauthor of 45 geological charts of Portugal, in the scale 1/50 000 and the respective explicative news. Zbyszewski’s studies about the Quaternary led him to publish, besides particular notes, valuable synthetic works on this subject, such as Le Quaternaire du Portugal, edited in 1957, and A classificac¸a˜o do Paleolı´tico antigo e a cronologia do Quaterna´rio de Portugal (1942). The studies carried out in the region of Alpiarc¸a (1946) were a decisive contribute for the knowledge of the Quaternary lands, in which he studied not only the characteristics of the terraces of the Tagus in
C. Smith (ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2, # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
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Bugalheira (1941); Lapa da Maceira, Vimeiro (1949); the caves of Ponte da Lage (Oeiras) (1957), of Salemas (Ponte de Lousa) (1962), of Columbeira (Bombarral) (1963), and of Alcobertas (1971); and Lapa do Bugio in the same year. He was dedicated als
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