Zinc Powder Evaporation: an Efficient Way of Synthesizing a Wide Range of High-quality ZnO Nanostructures at Lower Tempe
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J21.6.1
Zinc Powder Evaporation: an Efficient Way of Synthesizing a Wide Range of High-quality ZnO Nanostructures at Lower Temperature Yue Zhang, Jian He, Yunhua Huang, Yousong Gu, Zhen Ji, Cheng Zhou Department of Materials Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China. ABSTRACT: We developed an efficient method in achieving a wide range of high-quality ZnO nanostructures by zinc powder evaporation at lower temperature. The synthesis under specific conditions of ZnO nanostructures, such as comb-like structures, well-aligned nanorods, nanonails and core-shell ZnO/SiOx nanowires, were introduced in detailed respectively in this letter. Meanwhile, SEM, TEM, HRTEM and EDX investigations were performed on the products and revealed the crystal structure and the growth mechanism. These high-quality nanostructures enriched the family of ZnO nanomaterials and may have potential applications in optoelectronics, sensors and nanoscale mechanics research. INTRODUCTION Recently, driven by the need to understand the fundamental physical properties of one dimensional(1D) nanomaterials and find ways to construct nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices, great progress has been achieved in the synthesis and characterization of 1D or quasi 1D nanomaterials [1,2]. ZnO, recognized as one of the most promising oxide semiconductor materials because of its good optical, electrical, and piezoelectric properties, has received substantial effort for synthesizing various 1D nanostructures and it is probably the richest family of nanostructures among all materials. Among the various fabrication methods for ZnO quasi 1D nanomaterials described in the literature, evaporation and condensation processes are favored for their simplicity, high quality products and capability of synthesizing nanostructures with different morphology. Simple ZnO thermal evaporation developed by Wang et al. [3] was considered as the most efficient way in achieving a wide range of ZnO nanostructures in spite of the demand of a high temperature more than 1300℃. The extreme high temperature limited the application of ZnO nanostructures in the field of construction of nanodevices because most of the nanoscale constructions involved the self-organized process, the high temperature bring more strict command to other building blocks. To seek a lower temperature in doing this we applied ourselves to study synthesis of ZnO nanostructures by zinc powder evaporation at a lower temperature of 550~650℃. Accordingly, a wide range of structures such as, nanowires tetrapod-like nanorods, nanobelts, nanoneedles, core-shell nanowires, a diverse group of nanonails and a diverse group of nanocombs have been fabricated successfully through this method, although only some of the products were demonstrated here.
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EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS The experiment was carried out in a quartz tube (diameter 4 cm, length 90 cm). The source materials were pure zinc powder or zinc/tin powders mixture. The source materials were put in an alumina c
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