0.4% Electrostrain at Low Field in Lead-Free Bi-Based Relaxor Piezoceramics by La Doping
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08348-8 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
0.4% Electrostrain at Low Field in Lead-Free Bi-Based Relaxor Piezoceramics by La Doping THI HINH DINH ,1,5,7 HYOUNG-SU HAN,2 VU DIEM NGOC TRAN,3 VINH LE VAN,4,5 NGUYEN BA HUNG,6 and JAE-SHIN LEE2 1.—Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam. 2.—School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, 14, Techno saneop-ro 55 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Ulsan, Republic of Korea. 3.—School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam. 4.—Faculty of Information Technology, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam. 5.—Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No. 167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam. 6.—School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam. 7.—e-mail: [email protected]
This work investigates the effects of lanthanum doping on the crystal structure, surface morphology, dielectric properties, ferroelectric properties, piezoelectric properties, and electromechanical strain properties of lead-free (Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06)1xLaxTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics. All specimens were fabricated by a traditional solid-state reaction method. The results of crystal structure and dielectric properties categorize all specimens as relaxor materials. The results of dielectric properties and ferroelectric properties confirm the nonergodic-to-ergodic transformation as a function of La content. At the phase transition point, the material shows a high electric field-induced strain of 0.4% under an applied electric field of 5 kV/mm. The large electromechanical strain response at low applied field in the 0.02 mol La specimen may contribute to the two synergistic effects. First, the electric field induced the reversible ergodic-ferroelectric phase transition, which can generate the large strain. Second, the nonergodic and ergodic phases coexist at the phase transformation point, which can reduce the driving field by facilitating the growth of ferroelectric domains. Key words: Relaxor, lead free, strain, ferroelectrics, piezoelectrics
INTRODUCTION Pb-based perovskite ceramic materials exhibit excellent electrical properties and are widely used in electronic devices.1 However, these Pb-based materials contain more than 60 wt.% of Pb,2 which can cause serious damage to the environment and vital human organs.3 Hence, the Pb-based piezoelectric ceramic materials are critically banded throughout the world4 and the Pb-free piezoelectric ceramics have gained wide and extensive research
(Received February 19, 2020; accepted July 18, 2020)
attention. Among some lead-free piezoelectric materials, the materials based on K1/2Na1/2NbO3,5–9 Na1/ 10–16 and BaTiO317–21 have been the most 2Bi1/2TiO3, studied materials due to their potential to the application in electronic devices. In 1991, Takenaka et al. found the rhombohedralt
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