1-D and 2-D forms of Copper Sulfide: Electrochemical Deposition and Morphological Analysis
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1018-EE05-22
1-D and 2-D forms of Copper Sulfide: Electrochemical Deposition and Morphological Analysis Krishna Veer Singh1, Alfredo A. Martinez-Morales2, and Mihrimah Ozkan2 1 Chemical Engineering, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521 2 Electrical Engineering, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521 ABSTRACT Copper sulfide is a material with immense potential for applications in photovoltaics. Particularly, copper sulfide 1-D nanostructures (i.e. nanowires, nanorods) with well-defined morphologies may enable new types of applications or may enhance the performance of existing photoelectric devices with quantum confinement effects. In this work, we report the synthesis of copper sulfide nanorods by simple, yet very effective template assisted electrochemical deposition. Before synthesizing 1-D copper sulfide nanorods, a detailed study was conducted on electrodeposited 2-D copper sulfide films to ascertain the right parameters for electrodeposition including; electrolyte composition, temperature, deposition potential and membrane type. Excellent structural properties of these resultant nanorods make them desirable for applications in the future nano-opto-electronic devices.
INTRODUCTION Copper sulfide is a widely studied material due to its utilization in semiconducting and photovoltaic applications [1-4]. Previously, different synthesis routes were developed for synthesis of copper sulfide nanowires including; organic amine assisted hydrothermal method [5], solventless thermolysis of a copper thiolate precursor [6], surfactant or oxide assisted growth from copper surface under hydrogen sulfide atmosphere [7], and thermal decomposition of CuS2CNEt2 in a binary surfactant solvent [8]. Number of limitations with these approaches (the use of toxic hydrogen sulfide gas, the need for high temperature processing, requirement of many complex processing steps or long synthesis time) necessitates the development of a better synthesis method that can overcome these inadequacies. Here, we report the synthesis of copper sulfide nanowires by template assisted electrochemistry technique. This method eliminates previously listed undesired limitations and produces high structural quality nanorods.Template assisted electrochemical deposition has been one of the better investigated and exploited synthesis process for one dimensional nanostructures [9,10]. Major advantages of electrochemical deposition over other available methods of copper sulfide nanowires synthesis are low operating temperature, environmental friendliness, less time consumption, high reproducibility, desired stoichiometry and simple single step process. Use of nanotemplates can assist in controlling the length and diameter, producing individual nanowires and integrating arrays of nanowires to different surfaces. There are some reports on forming copper sulfide films by electrodeposition [11,12]. But reported deposition values and electrolyte concentrations vary. Therefore, it was essential to first customize the electrodeposition process for films of our system and then
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