3D/4D Printing Hydrogel Composites: A Pathway to Functional Devices
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3D/4D Printing Hydrogel Composites: A Pathway to Functional Devices Shannon E. Bakarich, Robert Gorkin, III, Sina Nacy, Reece Gately, Marc in het Panhuis and Geoffrey M. Spinks MRS Advances / Volume 1 / Issue 08 / January 2016, pp 521 - 526 DOI: 10.1557/adv.2015.9, Published online: 11 December 2015
Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S2059852115000092 How to cite this article: Shannon E. Bakarich, Robert Gorkin, III, Sina Nacy, Reece Gately, Marc in het Panhuis and Geoffrey M. Spinks (2016). 3D/4D Printing Hydrogel Composites: A Pathway to Functional Devices. MRS Advances, 1, pp 521-526 doi:10.1557/ adv.2015.9 Request Permissions : Click here
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MRS Advances © 2015 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2015.9
3D/4D Printing Hydrogel Composites: A Pathway to Functional Devices Shannon E. Bakarich, 1,2 Robert Gorkin III, 1 Sina Naficy, 1,2 Reece Gately, 1,3 Marc in het Panhuis 1,3 and Geoffrey M. Spinks 1,2 1 Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. 2 School of Mechanical Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. 3 Soft Materials Group, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. ABSTRACT The past few years have seen the introduction of a number of 3D and 4D printing techniques used to process tough hydrogel materials. The use of ‘color’ 3D printing technology where multiple inks are used in the one print allows for the production of composite materials and structures that can further enhance the mechanical performance of the printed hydrogel. This article reviews a number of 3D and 4D printing techniques for fabricating functional hydrogel based devices. INTRODUCTION 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technology that has been used to process hydrogel materials for tissue engineering applications. A major limitation in the use of hydrogels has been their poor mechanical performance but the last two decades has seen the development of a range of ‘tough’ hydrogels. [1] These developments have been followed by the introduction of new printing techniques that can form tough hydrogels into complex structures. [2,3] The mechanical properties of these printed tough hydrogels tend to be inferior to those prepared using casting under optimal lab conditions. Table I compares the mechanical parameters of alginate (Alg) / poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) ionic covalent entanglement (ICE) gels when cast and printed. Table I. Summary of the mechanical properties of cast Alg/PAAm ICE gels (data reproduced from ref. [4]) and printed Alg/PAAm ICE gels (data reproduced from ref. [2]).a 3 E [kPa] σT [kPa] εf [%] Q U
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